NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
AsthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
ChronicBdiseaseBdueBtoBbronchoconstrictionBandBanBexcessiveBinflammatoryBresponseBinBtheBbron
chioles
WhatBareB5Bs/sBofBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-coughingB
wheezingB
shortnessBofBbreathB
rapidBbreathingB
chestBtightness
PathophysiologyBofBasthmaB(5)B-BCORRECTBANSWER--airwayBinflammation,BbronchialBhyper-
reactivityBandBsmoothBmuscleBspasm
-excessBmucusBproductionBandBaccumulationB
-hypertrophyBofBbronchialBsmoothBmuscleB
-airflowBobstructionB
-decreasedBalveolarBventilation
BronchiolesB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
smallerBpassagewaysBthatBoriginateBfromBtheBbronchiBthatBbecomeBtheBalveoli
3BlayersBofBtheBbronchiolesB-BCORRECTBANSWER-innermostBlayerB
middleBlayerB-BlaminaBpropriaB
outermostBlayer
laminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-theBmiddleBlayerBofBtheBbronchioles
structureBofBtheBlaminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
embeddedBwithBconnectiveBtissueBcellsBandBimmuneBcells
purposeBofBtheBlaminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
whiteBbloodBcellsBareBpresentBtoBhelpBprotectBtheBairways
,HowBdoesBtheBlaminaBpropriaBeffectBtheBlungsBinBregardsBtoBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBWBCsBprotectiveBfeatureBgoesBintoBoverdriveBcausingBanBinflammatoryBresponseBthatBdamage
sBhostBtissue
WhatBdoesBtheBinnermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBcontainB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
columnarBepithelialBellsBandBmucusBproducingBgobletBcells
WhatBdoesBtheBoutermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBcontainB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
smoothBmuscleBcells
whatBdoesBtheBoutermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBdoB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
controlBtheBairwaysBabilityBtoBconstrictBandBdilate
alveolarBhyperinflationB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
WhenBairBisBunableBtoBmoveBoutBofBtheBalveolarBlikeBitBshouldBdueBtoBbronchialBwallsBcollapsingBar
oundBpossibleBmucusBplugBthusBtrappingBairBinside
howBdoesBhyperinflationBoccur?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBongoingBinflammatoryBprocessBofBasthmaBproducesBmucusBandBpusBplugBthatBtheBbronchialBw
allsBcollapseBaround
EffectBofBhyperinflationBofBtheBalveolarB-BCORRECTBANSWER--
expandedBthoraxBandBhypercapniaB(retentionBofBCO2)B
-BrespiratoryBacidosis
WhatBareBtwoBanticholinergicBdrugsBusedBforBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
tiotropiumBandBipratropium
WhatBdoBanticholinergicsBdoBinBtheBlungs?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
TheseBdrugsBblockBtheBeffectsBofBtheBparasympatheticBnervousBsystemB
-BincreasingBbronchodilation
MOABofBanticholinergicBdrugsBforBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBparasympatheticBsystemBisBstimulatedBbyBtheBvagalBnerveBtoBreleaseBacetylcholineBwhichBbind
sBtoBtheBcholinergicBreceptorsBofBtheBrespiratoryBtractBtoBcauseBbronchialBconstrictionB=Bdecreased
BairflowB
-
BblockingBtheBcholinergicBreceptorsBpreventsBacetylcholineBbindingBpreventingBtheBbronchialBcons
triction
, bronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-inflammationBofBtheBbronchialBtubes
3BcharacteristicsBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-bronchialBinflammation
hypersecretionBofBmucusB
chronicBproductiveBcoughBforBatBleastB3BconsecutiveBmonthsBforBatBleastB2BsuccessiveByears
PerfusionB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
TheBsupplyBofBoxygenBtoBandBremovalBofBwastesBfromBtheBcellsBandBtissuesBofBtheBbodyBasBaBresultB
ofBtheBflowBofBbloodBthroughBtheBcapillaries.
resultsBofBchronicBbronchitis/BlowBperfusionB-BCORRECTBANSWER-cyanosisB
rightBtoBleftBshuntingB
chronicBhypoxemia
WhyBisBthereBcyanosisBwithBchronicBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
thereBisBhypoxiaBdueBtoBunfavorableBconditionsBforBgasBexchange
RightBtoBleftBshuntingB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
whenBbloodBpassesBfromBtheBrightBventricleBthroughBtheBlungsBandBtoBtheBleftBventricleBwithoutBp
erfusion
CausesBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER--longBtermBexposureBtoBenvironmentalBirritantsB
-repeatedBepisodesBofBacuteBinfectionB(RSVBinfectionBinBearlyBinfancy)
-FactorsBaffectingBgestationalBchildhoodBlungBdevelopmentB(pretermBbirth)
PathogenesisBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER--ExposureBtoBairborneBirritantsB
-BIrritantBactivatesBbronchialBsmoothBmuscleBconstrictionBandBmucusBsecretionB
-BTriggersBreleaseBofBinflammatoryBmediatorsBfromBimmuneBcellsBlocatedBinBtheBlaminaBpropria
mostBcommonBirritantBwithBbronchitisBis?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-tobaccoBproductBsmoke
whatBdoesBlongBtermBexposureBtoBirritantsBpromoteBinBbronchitis?B(5)B-BCORRECTBANSWER--
BsmoothBmuscleBhypertrophyB
-BhypertrophyBandBhyperplasiaBofBgobletBcellsB
-BepithelialBcellBmetaplasiaB
-BmigrationBofBmoreBWBCBtoBsiteB
-BthickeningBandBrigidityBofBbronchialBbasementBmembrane
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
AsthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
ChronicBdiseaseBdueBtoBbronchoconstrictionBandBanBexcessiveBinflammatoryBresponseBinBtheBbron
chioles
WhatBareB5Bs/sBofBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-coughingB
wheezingB
shortnessBofBbreathB
rapidBbreathingB
chestBtightness
PathophysiologyBofBasthmaB(5)B-BCORRECTBANSWER--airwayBinflammation,BbronchialBhyper-
reactivityBandBsmoothBmuscleBspasm
-excessBmucusBproductionBandBaccumulationB
-hypertrophyBofBbronchialBsmoothBmuscleB
-airflowBobstructionB
-decreasedBalveolarBventilation
BronchiolesB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
smallerBpassagewaysBthatBoriginateBfromBtheBbronchiBthatBbecomeBtheBalveoli
3BlayersBofBtheBbronchiolesB-BCORRECTBANSWER-innermostBlayerB
middleBlayerB-BlaminaBpropriaB
outermostBlayer
laminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-theBmiddleBlayerBofBtheBbronchioles
structureBofBtheBlaminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
embeddedBwithBconnectiveBtissueBcellsBandBimmuneBcells
purposeBofBtheBlaminaBpropriaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
whiteBbloodBcellsBareBpresentBtoBhelpBprotectBtheBairways
,HowBdoesBtheBlaminaBpropriaBeffectBtheBlungsBinBregardsBtoBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBWBCsBprotectiveBfeatureBgoesBintoBoverdriveBcausingBanBinflammatoryBresponseBthatBdamage
sBhostBtissue
WhatBdoesBtheBinnermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBcontainB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
columnarBepithelialBellsBandBmucusBproducingBgobletBcells
WhatBdoesBtheBoutermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBcontainB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
smoothBmuscleBcells
whatBdoesBtheBoutermostBlayerBofBtheBbronchiolesBdoB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
controlBtheBairwaysBabilityBtoBconstrictBandBdilate
alveolarBhyperinflationB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
WhenBairBisBunableBtoBmoveBoutBofBtheBalveolarBlikeBitBshouldBdueBtoBbronchialBwallsBcollapsingBar
oundBpossibleBmucusBplugBthusBtrappingBairBinside
howBdoesBhyperinflationBoccur?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBongoingBinflammatoryBprocessBofBasthmaBproducesBmucusBandBpusBplugBthatBtheBbronchialBw
allsBcollapseBaround
EffectBofBhyperinflationBofBtheBalveolarB-BCORRECTBANSWER--
expandedBthoraxBandBhypercapniaB(retentionBofBCO2)B
-BrespiratoryBacidosis
WhatBareBtwoBanticholinergicBdrugsBusedBforBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
tiotropiumBandBipratropium
WhatBdoBanticholinergicsBdoBinBtheBlungs?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
TheseBdrugsBblockBtheBeffectsBofBtheBparasympatheticBnervousBsystemB
-BincreasingBbronchodilation
MOABofBanticholinergicBdrugsBforBasthmaB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
theBparasympatheticBsystemBisBstimulatedBbyBtheBvagalBnerveBtoBreleaseBacetylcholineBwhichBbind
sBtoBtheBcholinergicBreceptorsBofBtheBrespiratoryBtractBtoBcauseBbronchialBconstrictionB=Bdecreased
BairflowB
-
BblockingBtheBcholinergicBreceptorsBpreventsBacetylcholineBbindingBpreventingBtheBbronchialBcons
triction
, bronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-inflammationBofBtheBbronchialBtubes
3BcharacteristicsBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-bronchialBinflammation
hypersecretionBofBmucusB
chronicBproductiveBcoughBforBatBleastB3BconsecutiveBmonthsBforBatBleastB2BsuccessiveByears
PerfusionB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
TheBsupplyBofBoxygenBtoBandBremovalBofBwastesBfromBtheBcellsBandBtissuesBofBtheBbodyBasBaBresultB
ofBtheBflowBofBbloodBthroughBtheBcapillaries.
resultsBofBchronicBbronchitis/BlowBperfusionB-BCORRECTBANSWER-cyanosisB
rightBtoBleftBshuntingB
chronicBhypoxemia
WhyBisBthereBcyanosisBwithBchronicBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
thereBisBhypoxiaBdueBtoBunfavorableBconditionsBforBgasBexchange
RightBtoBleftBshuntingB-BCORRECTBANSWER-
whenBbloodBpassesBfromBtheBrightBventricleBthroughBtheBlungsBandBtoBtheBleftBventricleBwithoutBp
erfusion
CausesBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER--longBtermBexposureBtoBenvironmentalBirritantsB
-repeatedBepisodesBofBacuteBinfectionB(RSVBinfectionBinBearlyBinfancy)
-FactorsBaffectingBgestationalBchildhoodBlungBdevelopmentB(pretermBbirth)
PathogenesisBofBbronchitisB-BCORRECTBANSWER--ExposureBtoBairborneBirritantsB
-BIrritantBactivatesBbronchialBsmoothBmuscleBconstrictionBandBmucusBsecretionB
-BTriggersBreleaseBofBinflammatoryBmediatorsBfromBimmuneBcellsBlocatedBinBtheBlaminaBpropria
mostBcommonBirritantBwithBbronchitisBis?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-tobaccoBproductBsmoke
whatBdoesBlongBtermBexposureBtoBirritantsBpromoteBinBbronchitis?B(5)B-BCORRECTBANSWER--
BsmoothBmuscleBhypertrophyB
-BhypertrophyBandBhyperplasiaBofBgobletBcellsB
-BepithelialBcellBmetaplasiaB
-BmigrationBofBmoreBWBCBtoBsiteB
-BthickeningBandBrigidityBofBbronchialBbasementBmembrane