Psychology 1000 Exam test queries
and answers graded A+
What does "psych" mean? - ANS✅✅soul
stress (stimulus-based) - ANS✅✅Characterize stress as a response to a stimulus, such as a life
event or challenging situation (e.g., high-stress job, financial strain, death in the family
instincts and reflexes - ANS✅✅unlearned behaviors (do not have to be taught)
development - ANS✅✅a lifelong process, which occurs from birth all the way until death
stress (response-based) - ANS✅✅Characterize stress as the physiological response that occurs
when faced with a demanding or threatening situation (e.g., increased arousal, increased heart rate)
What does "ology" mean? - ANS✅✅The scientific study of
developmental psychologists - ANS✅✅study how humans change and grow from conception
through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and death
innate behaviors - ANS✅✅organisms are born with these and help them adapt to their
environment
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of the mind and behavior (the mind refers to how people
think, believe, and feel while behavior refers to how people act)
instincts - ANS✅✅unlearned knowledge; involves complex patterns of behavior
developmental milestones - ANS✅✅Although children develop at slightly different rates, we can
use these age-related averages as general guidelines to compare children with same-age peers to
determine the approximate ages they should reach specific normative events (e.g., crawling,
walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty).
,stress (standard) - ANS✅✅A process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that
he appraises as overwhelming and threatening to his well-being
What parts about the human experience do psychologists study? - ANS✅✅-the basic workings of
the human brain
-consciousness
-memory
-language
-reasoning
-personality
-mental health
Factors of Instincts - ANS✅✅Thought to be more common in lower animals compared to humans
(e.g., bears hibernating in the winter)
Can be triggered by aging or changing seasons
Can involve organism movement, such as sexual activity and migration
Involves higher brain centers
cognition - ANS✅✅thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding
stressors - ANS✅✅demanding or threatening events
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅first person to call himself a psychologist (structuralism)
reflexes - ANS✅✅unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in its environment
motor coordination - ANS✅✅gross/fine motor skills, jumping, hopping, throwing/catching,
drawing stacking
primary appraisal of stress - ANS✅✅judgement about the degree of potential harm or threat to
well-being that a stressor may entail
threat - ANS✅✅if one believes it may lead to harm, loss, or another negative consequence
,Factors of Reflexes - ANS✅✅Can be a motor or neural reaction
Simpler than instincts
Involve activity of specific body parts and systems (e.g., knee-jerk reflex often tested in the doctor's
office; when your instructor puts her hands out to protect her head, when she falls while running)
Involve more primitive/less developed centers of the central nervous system (e.g., spinal cord)
social interaction - ANS✅✅initiating peer contact, group play
structuralism - ANS✅✅focused on understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind
through introspection
William James - ANS✅✅first American psychologist (functionalism)
learning - ANS✅✅also helps organisms adapt to their environment BUT involves change and
experience
adaptive - ANS✅✅dressing, eating, washing
secondary appraisal of stress - ANS✅✅judgement of the options available to cope with a stressor,
as well as how effective such options for coping will be
functionalism - ANS✅✅emphasizes how mental activities and behavior contributed to basic
environmental survival/environmental adaptation
learning (definition) - ANS✅✅relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge from
experience
continuous development - ANS✅✅development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on
existing skills (gradual change ex: height)
eustress - ANS✅✅A good kind of stress associated with positive feelings, optimal health, and
performance (e.g., athletes may be motivated by pregame stress; a healthy amount of stress may
motivate us at times to study or engage in work)
, Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅established psychoanalytic theory; practiced talk therapy; theorized that
many of his patients' problems arose from the unconscious mind
Factors of Learning - ANS✅✅E.g., acquiring the skills to ride a bike; what you're doing in Intro
Psych
Takes time and practice; not innate
Involves both conscious and unconscious processes
Involves associative learning, which occurs when organisms make connections among events
occurring close together
discontinuous development - ANS✅✅development as a process that occurs in unique stages. It
occurs at specific times or ages. (change is more sudden ex: age at which you start walking)
distress - ANS✅✅When stress exceeds an "optimal level" and is no longer positive/helpful; instead
it becomes excessive and debilitating, leaving one feeling burned out, fatigued, and exhausted,
causing performance to decline.
health psychology - ANS✅✅subfield of psychology interested in understanding the importance of
psychological influences (including stress and mental health conditions, such as anxiety and
depression) on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill.
associative learning - ANS✅✅occurs when organisms make connections among events occurring
close together
critical periods - ANS✅✅must get the skill at that point or you won't pick it up at all. (critical period
for language development)
psychoanalytic theory - ANS✅✅focuses on the unconscious mind
Behaviorists - ANS✅✅Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and BF Skinner; focused on observing and
controlling behaviors; believed on could only study what could be seen/observed
classical conditioning - ANS✅✅form of associative learning, given that it occurs when organisms
learn to make connections between events that occur close together in time
and answers graded A+
What does "psych" mean? - ANS✅✅soul
stress (stimulus-based) - ANS✅✅Characterize stress as a response to a stimulus, such as a life
event or challenging situation (e.g., high-stress job, financial strain, death in the family
instincts and reflexes - ANS✅✅unlearned behaviors (do not have to be taught)
development - ANS✅✅a lifelong process, which occurs from birth all the way until death
stress (response-based) - ANS✅✅Characterize stress as the physiological response that occurs
when faced with a demanding or threatening situation (e.g., increased arousal, increased heart rate)
What does "ology" mean? - ANS✅✅The scientific study of
developmental psychologists - ANS✅✅study how humans change and grow from conception
through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and death
innate behaviors - ANS✅✅organisms are born with these and help them adapt to their
environment
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of the mind and behavior (the mind refers to how people
think, believe, and feel while behavior refers to how people act)
instincts - ANS✅✅unlearned knowledge; involves complex patterns of behavior
developmental milestones - ANS✅✅Although children develop at slightly different rates, we can
use these age-related averages as general guidelines to compare children with same-age peers to
determine the approximate ages they should reach specific normative events (e.g., crawling,
walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty).
,stress (standard) - ANS✅✅A process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that
he appraises as overwhelming and threatening to his well-being
What parts about the human experience do psychologists study? - ANS✅✅-the basic workings of
the human brain
-consciousness
-memory
-language
-reasoning
-personality
-mental health
Factors of Instincts - ANS✅✅Thought to be more common in lower animals compared to humans
(e.g., bears hibernating in the winter)
Can be triggered by aging or changing seasons
Can involve organism movement, such as sexual activity and migration
Involves higher brain centers
cognition - ANS✅✅thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding
stressors - ANS✅✅demanding or threatening events
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅first person to call himself a psychologist (structuralism)
reflexes - ANS✅✅unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in its environment
motor coordination - ANS✅✅gross/fine motor skills, jumping, hopping, throwing/catching,
drawing stacking
primary appraisal of stress - ANS✅✅judgement about the degree of potential harm or threat to
well-being that a stressor may entail
threat - ANS✅✅if one believes it may lead to harm, loss, or another negative consequence
,Factors of Reflexes - ANS✅✅Can be a motor or neural reaction
Simpler than instincts
Involve activity of specific body parts and systems (e.g., knee-jerk reflex often tested in the doctor's
office; when your instructor puts her hands out to protect her head, when she falls while running)
Involve more primitive/less developed centers of the central nervous system (e.g., spinal cord)
social interaction - ANS✅✅initiating peer contact, group play
structuralism - ANS✅✅focused on understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind
through introspection
William James - ANS✅✅first American psychologist (functionalism)
learning - ANS✅✅also helps organisms adapt to their environment BUT involves change and
experience
adaptive - ANS✅✅dressing, eating, washing
secondary appraisal of stress - ANS✅✅judgement of the options available to cope with a stressor,
as well as how effective such options for coping will be
functionalism - ANS✅✅emphasizes how mental activities and behavior contributed to basic
environmental survival/environmental adaptation
learning (definition) - ANS✅✅relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge from
experience
continuous development - ANS✅✅development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on
existing skills (gradual change ex: height)
eustress - ANS✅✅A good kind of stress associated with positive feelings, optimal health, and
performance (e.g., athletes may be motivated by pregame stress; a healthy amount of stress may
motivate us at times to study or engage in work)
, Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅established psychoanalytic theory; practiced talk therapy; theorized that
many of his patients' problems arose from the unconscious mind
Factors of Learning - ANS✅✅E.g., acquiring the skills to ride a bike; what you're doing in Intro
Psych
Takes time and practice; not innate
Involves both conscious and unconscious processes
Involves associative learning, which occurs when organisms make connections among events
occurring close together
discontinuous development - ANS✅✅development as a process that occurs in unique stages. It
occurs at specific times or ages. (change is more sudden ex: age at which you start walking)
distress - ANS✅✅When stress exceeds an "optimal level" and is no longer positive/helpful; instead
it becomes excessive and debilitating, leaving one feeling burned out, fatigued, and exhausted,
causing performance to decline.
health psychology - ANS✅✅subfield of psychology interested in understanding the importance of
psychological influences (including stress and mental health conditions, such as anxiety and
depression) on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill.
associative learning - ANS✅✅occurs when organisms make connections among events occurring
close together
critical periods - ANS✅✅must get the skill at that point or you won't pick it up at all. (critical period
for language development)
psychoanalytic theory - ANS✅✅focuses on the unconscious mind
Behaviorists - ANS✅✅Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and BF Skinner; focused on observing and
controlling behaviors; believed on could only study what could be seen/observed
classical conditioning - ANS✅✅form of associative learning, given that it occurs when organisms
learn to make connections between events that occur close together in time
