NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide
2025/2026 – Advanced
Pathophysiology – Chamberlain
University | 100+ Verified Questions &
Correct Answers | A+ Prep Guide
This A+ prep guide compiles over 100 verified multiple-choice questions and answers drawn
from key topics in the NR507 curriculum, including cellular biology, immunology,
hypersensitivity reactions, hematology (anemias), cardiovascular pathophysiology, pulmonary
disorders, renal function, and more. Questions are based on official exam patterns and study
resources for the 2025/2026 academic year. Answers are provided in red for easy identification.
Section 1: Cellular Injury, Adaptation, and Neoplasia (Questions 1-15)
Question 1: What is a common event during cellular reproduction resulting in the constant
occurrence of isolated cancer cells? A) Apoptosis B) Cell transformation C) Metaplasia D)
Dysplasia
Answer: B) Cell transformation Rationale: Cell transformation refers to the process where
normal cells acquire malignant characteristics, leading to uncontrolled growth.
Question 2: An immature, undifferentiated (generic) cell capable of infinite cellular division
when stimulated is known as: A) Differentiated cell B) Stem cell C) Mature leukocyte D)
Erythroblast
Answer: B) Stem cell
Question 3: The process whereby a stem cell undergoes cell division (average 24-hour cycle) is
called: A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Cell cycle D) Differentiation
Answer: C) Cell cycle
Question 4: What is the primary mechanism of cellular adaptation to chronic stress, such as in
hypertension? A) Atrophy B) Hypertrophy C) Hyperplasia D) Neoplasia
Answer: B) Hypertrophy Rationale: Hypertrophy involves increased cell size to handle
increased workload.
, Question 5: In neoplasia, a tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue (e.g., colon) is most
likely: A) Sarcoma B) Lymphoma C) Adenocarcinoma D) Leukemia
Answer: C) Adenocarcinoma
Question 6: What epigenetic modification alters DNA accessibility without changing the DNA
sequence? A) Mutation B) Methylation C) Translocation D) Deletion
Answer: B) Methylation
Question 7: The final stage of the infectious process is: A) Incubation B) Prodromal C) Spread
D) Resolution
Answer: C) Spread
Question 8: Which is the most abundant class of plasma protein? A) Globulin B) Albumin C)
Clotting factors D) Complement proteins
Answer: B) Albumin Rationale: Albumin constitutes ~60% of plasma proteins, maintaining
oncotic pressure.
Question 9: In cellular injury, reversible damage from hypoxia leads to: A) Necrosis B) Fatty
change C) Apoptosis D) Autolysis
Answer: B) Fatty change
Question 10: What determines the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) directly? A) Tubular
reabsorption B) Perfusion pressure in glomerular capillaries C) Bowman's capsule volume D)
Collecting duct permeability
Answer: B) Perfusion pressure in glomerular capillaries
Question 11: The Schilling test evaluates: A) Iron absorption B) Vitamin B12 absorption C)
Folate levels D) Calcium homeostasis
Answer: B) Vitamin B12 absorption
Question 12: Infants are more susceptible to dehydration due to: A) Lower metabolic rate B)
Higher body water turnover and surface area-to-volume ratio C) Greater urine concentration
ability D) Decreased insensible losses
Answer: B) Higher body water turnover and surface area-to-volume ratio
Question 13: In voiding dysfunction, urinary retention is caused by: A) Parasympathetic
inhibition B) Sympathetic overactivity C) Detrusor muscle relaxation D) Urethral sphincter
contraction
2025/2026 – Advanced
Pathophysiology – Chamberlain
University | 100+ Verified Questions &
Correct Answers | A+ Prep Guide
This A+ prep guide compiles over 100 verified multiple-choice questions and answers drawn
from key topics in the NR507 curriculum, including cellular biology, immunology,
hypersensitivity reactions, hematology (anemias), cardiovascular pathophysiology, pulmonary
disorders, renal function, and more. Questions are based on official exam patterns and study
resources for the 2025/2026 academic year. Answers are provided in red for easy identification.
Section 1: Cellular Injury, Adaptation, and Neoplasia (Questions 1-15)
Question 1: What is a common event during cellular reproduction resulting in the constant
occurrence of isolated cancer cells? A) Apoptosis B) Cell transformation C) Metaplasia D)
Dysplasia
Answer: B) Cell transformation Rationale: Cell transformation refers to the process where
normal cells acquire malignant characteristics, leading to uncontrolled growth.
Question 2: An immature, undifferentiated (generic) cell capable of infinite cellular division
when stimulated is known as: A) Differentiated cell B) Stem cell C) Mature leukocyte D)
Erythroblast
Answer: B) Stem cell
Question 3: The process whereby a stem cell undergoes cell division (average 24-hour cycle) is
called: A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Cell cycle D) Differentiation
Answer: C) Cell cycle
Question 4: What is the primary mechanism of cellular adaptation to chronic stress, such as in
hypertension? A) Atrophy B) Hypertrophy C) Hyperplasia D) Neoplasia
Answer: B) Hypertrophy Rationale: Hypertrophy involves increased cell size to handle
increased workload.
, Question 5: In neoplasia, a tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue (e.g., colon) is most
likely: A) Sarcoma B) Lymphoma C) Adenocarcinoma D) Leukemia
Answer: C) Adenocarcinoma
Question 6: What epigenetic modification alters DNA accessibility without changing the DNA
sequence? A) Mutation B) Methylation C) Translocation D) Deletion
Answer: B) Methylation
Question 7: The final stage of the infectious process is: A) Incubation B) Prodromal C) Spread
D) Resolution
Answer: C) Spread
Question 8: Which is the most abundant class of plasma protein? A) Globulin B) Albumin C)
Clotting factors D) Complement proteins
Answer: B) Albumin Rationale: Albumin constitutes ~60% of plasma proteins, maintaining
oncotic pressure.
Question 9: In cellular injury, reversible damage from hypoxia leads to: A) Necrosis B) Fatty
change C) Apoptosis D) Autolysis
Answer: B) Fatty change
Question 10: What determines the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) directly? A) Tubular
reabsorption B) Perfusion pressure in glomerular capillaries C) Bowman's capsule volume D)
Collecting duct permeability
Answer: B) Perfusion pressure in glomerular capillaries
Question 11: The Schilling test evaluates: A) Iron absorption B) Vitamin B12 absorption C)
Folate levels D) Calcium homeostasis
Answer: B) Vitamin B12 absorption
Question 12: Infants are more susceptible to dehydration due to: A) Lower metabolic rate B)
Higher body water turnover and surface area-to-volume ratio C) Greater urine concentration
ability D) Decreased insensible losses
Answer: B) Higher body water turnover and surface area-to-volume ratio
Question 13: In voiding dysfunction, urinary retention is caused by: A) Parasympathetic
inhibition B) Sympathetic overactivity C) Detrusor muscle relaxation D) Urethral sphincter
contraction
