HCR 240 Exam 1 Human Pathophysiology 250 Questions with
Verified Answers
-organelles
-cytoplasm
-plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER eukaryotes
contains DNA and RNA - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: nucleus
synthesize polypeptides and proteins from RNA - CORRECT ANSWER organelles:
ribosomes
-contains ribosomes
-synthesize and fold proteins - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: rough endoplasmic
reticulum
-synthesize lipids and steroid hormones
-remove toxic substances from the cell - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
transport proteins, polynucleotides, and polysaccharide molecules within the cell -
CORRECT ANSWER organelles: golgi apparatus
lysosome: functions is intracellular digestion and autophagy
,peroxisome: detoxify waste - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: lysosomes and
peroxisomes
-cellular respiration and energy production
-generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER organelles:
mitochondria
-contains cytosol
-site of enzymatic biochemical reactions, protein synthesis, storage of excess
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm
solute molecules from high to low concentration - CORRECT ANSWER plasma
membrane: diffusion
water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration - CORRECT
ANSWER plama membrane: osmosis
connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER cell to cell
adhesions: tissues
lack of oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER cellular injury- hypoxia
lack of blood supply; most common type of hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia:
ischemia
,-injury due to cells not being able to use or receive oxygen
-ex. suffocation, strangulation, chemical, drowning - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia-
asphyxiation
binds to hemoglobin and prevents the transportation of oxygen around the body -
CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia: carbon monoxide poisoning
-loss of an electron, highly reactive and bind to anything (proteins, lipids, RNA,
DNA) which causes damage to the cell - CORRECT ANSWER free radicals
-formed during mitochondrial respiration
-role in chemical signaling - CORRECT ANSWER reactive oxygen species (ros)
-air pollution
-heavy metal toxicity: lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium
-ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals
carbon monoxide, particle pollution, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
lead - CORRECT ANSWER environmental protection agencies
-toxicity affects central and peripheral nervous system
-cell damage
-treatment: chelation therapy
-suspicion in behavioral disorders - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals: lead
poisoning
, -major nutritional deficiencies
-metabolism occurs in the liver
-acute: affects CNS
-chronic: gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals: ethanol
-invade and destroy cells
-produce toxins
-produce damaging hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER infectious
agents: virulence of an organism depends on its ability to
-abnormal immune system response to a foreign substance
-ex. allergies, asthma - CORRECT ANSWER immunological reactions: immune
mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-antibody formation against normal cell receptors
-ex. type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER immunological reactions: autoimmune
disorders
-chilling cells
-less than 95 degrees fahrenheit
-slows metabolic processes, creates electrolyte abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER
physical and mechanical factors: hypothermic injuries
Verified Answers
-organelles
-cytoplasm
-plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER eukaryotes
contains DNA and RNA - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: nucleus
synthesize polypeptides and proteins from RNA - CORRECT ANSWER organelles:
ribosomes
-contains ribosomes
-synthesize and fold proteins - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: rough endoplasmic
reticulum
-synthesize lipids and steroid hormones
-remove toxic substances from the cell - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
transport proteins, polynucleotides, and polysaccharide molecules within the cell -
CORRECT ANSWER organelles: golgi apparatus
lysosome: functions is intracellular digestion and autophagy
,peroxisome: detoxify waste - CORRECT ANSWER organelles: lysosomes and
peroxisomes
-cellular respiration and energy production
-generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER organelles:
mitochondria
-contains cytosol
-site of enzymatic biochemical reactions, protein synthesis, storage of excess
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm
solute molecules from high to low concentration - CORRECT ANSWER plasma
membrane: diffusion
water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration - CORRECT
ANSWER plama membrane: osmosis
connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER cell to cell
adhesions: tissues
lack of oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER cellular injury- hypoxia
lack of blood supply; most common type of hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia:
ischemia
,-injury due to cells not being able to use or receive oxygen
-ex. suffocation, strangulation, chemical, drowning - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia-
asphyxiation
binds to hemoglobin and prevents the transportation of oxygen around the body -
CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia: carbon monoxide poisoning
-loss of an electron, highly reactive and bind to anything (proteins, lipids, RNA,
DNA) which causes damage to the cell - CORRECT ANSWER free radicals
-formed during mitochondrial respiration
-role in chemical signaling - CORRECT ANSWER reactive oxygen species (ros)
-air pollution
-heavy metal toxicity: lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium
-ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals
carbon monoxide, particle pollution, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
lead - CORRECT ANSWER environmental protection agencies
-toxicity affects central and peripheral nervous system
-cell damage
-treatment: chelation therapy
-suspicion in behavioral disorders - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals: lead
poisoning
, -major nutritional deficiencies
-metabolism occurs in the liver
-acute: affects CNS
-chronic: gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER toxic chemicals: ethanol
-invade and destroy cells
-produce toxins
-produce damaging hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER infectious
agents: virulence of an organism depends on its ability to
-abnormal immune system response to a foreign substance
-ex. allergies, asthma - CORRECT ANSWER immunological reactions: immune
mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-antibody formation against normal cell receptors
-ex. type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER immunological reactions: autoimmune
disorders
-chilling cells
-less than 95 degrees fahrenheit
-slows metabolic processes, creates electrolyte abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER
physical and mechanical factors: hypothermic injuries
