314 Final Exam Question and answers
verified to pass 2025/2026
8.1 million - correct answer ✔How many people in the US with DM are going undiagnosed?
86 million - correct answer ✔How many people in the US have prediabetes?
7th leading cause - correct answer ✔Diabetes is the __th leading cause of death in the US
245 billion - correct answer ✔How much does it cost the US for treating diagnosed DM?
glucose
fat
protein - correct answer ✔Nutrient metabolism and storage inclused the metabolism and storage of
what three things?
1.) Average CHO intake dialy: 350-400g/dy
2.) CHO broken down: glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose
3.) Glucose and galactose transported into blood across intestinal membrane
4.) Blood glucose INCREASES
5.) Pancreas releases insulin from beta cells
6.) 2/3 glucose meal removed from blood stored in liver and skeletal muscles - correct answer ✔What
is the normal nurtient metabolism and storage of carbohydrates?
Diabetes Glucose Breakdown:
,1.) stomach, CHO > glucose
2.) Glucose > blood
3.) Pancreas releases little/no insulin (!!!)
4.) Little/no insulin enters blood stream
5.) Glucose builds up in blood stream! - correct answer ✔What is the alteration of metabolism and
storage of glucose in those with DM?
CO2 and water - correct answer ✔When metabolized in the presence of oxygen, CHO turns into what?
fuel - correct answer ✔The brain and nervous system rely on GLU as a ____ source
blood - correct answer ✔body tissues obtain glucose from the ____
minutes - correct answer ✔The brain stores a few _____s supply of glucose
cerebral - correct answer ✔Normal _____ function NEEDS constant supply of GLU from blood
death - correct answer ✔Brain ___ occurs with prolonged, severe LOW GLU levels
dysfunction - correct answer ✔Brain _______ occurs with moderately low GLU levels
glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔Happens in the liver, when GLYCOGEN is converted to GLUCOSE
gluconeogenesis - correct answer ✔When the liver makes glucose out of:
1.) amino acids
2.) glycerol
,3.) lactic acid
glucagon - correct answer ✔Hormone, tells liver to perform glyconeogenesis
triglyceride - correct answer ✔this is fat (lipid) in the blood
insulin secretoin - correct answer ✔INCREASE of glucose in the blood leads to what?
glycogenesis - correct answer ✔This is glucose being made into glycogen
lipogenesis - correct answer ✔This is converting glucose to fat
1.) glycogenesis
2.) lipogenesis
3.) protein synthesis
IT BUILDS THINGS UP FOR STORAGE - correct answer ✔Insulin stimulates uptake, use, and storage of
GLU by doing what three things?
1.) glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown)
2.) lipolysis
3.) gluconeogenesis (protein to glucose) - correct answer ✔Insulin inhibits what three things from
happening?
- Most efficient fuel storage
- 9 kcal/g stored energy
, - Energy source during rest, physical activity
- Excess CHO and proteins converted to TRIG for storage in adipose
- Almost all body cells use fatty acids w/ GLU for energy (cept: brain, nervous tissue, RBCs)
- Liver: uses small amount fatty acids for own energy
- Converts rest into ketones > blood - correct answer ✔FAT METABOLISM:
- Most/least efficient fuel storage
- __ kcal/g stored energy
- Energy source during ___ and _____ activity
- Excess CHO and proteins converted to ___ for storage in adipose
- Almost all body cells use ____ ___s w/ GLU for energy (cept: brain, nervous tissue, RBCs)
- ____: uses small amount fatty acids for own energy; Converts rest into _____ > blood
- Formation body structures
- Amino acids = building blocks 'o proteins
- Limited facility for storage o amino acids in body > usually in proteins
- Excess amino acids > fatty acids, ketones, GLU > stored as metabolic fuel
- Fatty acids CANNOT be converted to GLU
- Must use amino acids as substrate for gluconeogenesis when metabolic needs exceed food intake -
correct answer ✔PROTEIN METABOLISM:
- Formation body ______
- ____ ___s = building blocks 'o proteins
- Limited facility for storage o amino acids in body > usually in ____s
- Excess amino acids > ____ ___s, _____, _____ > stored as metabolic fuel
- Fatty acids _____ be converted to GLU
verified to pass 2025/2026
8.1 million - correct answer ✔How many people in the US with DM are going undiagnosed?
86 million - correct answer ✔How many people in the US have prediabetes?
7th leading cause - correct answer ✔Diabetes is the __th leading cause of death in the US
245 billion - correct answer ✔How much does it cost the US for treating diagnosed DM?
glucose
fat
protein - correct answer ✔Nutrient metabolism and storage inclused the metabolism and storage of
what three things?
1.) Average CHO intake dialy: 350-400g/dy
2.) CHO broken down: glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose
3.) Glucose and galactose transported into blood across intestinal membrane
4.) Blood glucose INCREASES
5.) Pancreas releases insulin from beta cells
6.) 2/3 glucose meal removed from blood stored in liver and skeletal muscles - correct answer ✔What
is the normal nurtient metabolism and storage of carbohydrates?
Diabetes Glucose Breakdown:
,1.) stomach, CHO > glucose
2.) Glucose > blood
3.) Pancreas releases little/no insulin (!!!)
4.) Little/no insulin enters blood stream
5.) Glucose builds up in blood stream! - correct answer ✔What is the alteration of metabolism and
storage of glucose in those with DM?
CO2 and water - correct answer ✔When metabolized in the presence of oxygen, CHO turns into what?
fuel - correct answer ✔The brain and nervous system rely on GLU as a ____ source
blood - correct answer ✔body tissues obtain glucose from the ____
minutes - correct answer ✔The brain stores a few _____s supply of glucose
cerebral - correct answer ✔Normal _____ function NEEDS constant supply of GLU from blood
death - correct answer ✔Brain ___ occurs with prolonged, severe LOW GLU levels
dysfunction - correct answer ✔Brain _______ occurs with moderately low GLU levels
glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔Happens in the liver, when GLYCOGEN is converted to GLUCOSE
gluconeogenesis - correct answer ✔When the liver makes glucose out of:
1.) amino acids
2.) glycerol
,3.) lactic acid
glucagon - correct answer ✔Hormone, tells liver to perform glyconeogenesis
triglyceride - correct answer ✔this is fat (lipid) in the blood
insulin secretoin - correct answer ✔INCREASE of glucose in the blood leads to what?
glycogenesis - correct answer ✔This is glucose being made into glycogen
lipogenesis - correct answer ✔This is converting glucose to fat
1.) glycogenesis
2.) lipogenesis
3.) protein synthesis
IT BUILDS THINGS UP FOR STORAGE - correct answer ✔Insulin stimulates uptake, use, and storage of
GLU by doing what three things?
1.) glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown)
2.) lipolysis
3.) gluconeogenesis (protein to glucose) - correct answer ✔Insulin inhibits what three things from
happening?
- Most efficient fuel storage
- 9 kcal/g stored energy
, - Energy source during rest, physical activity
- Excess CHO and proteins converted to TRIG for storage in adipose
- Almost all body cells use fatty acids w/ GLU for energy (cept: brain, nervous tissue, RBCs)
- Liver: uses small amount fatty acids for own energy
- Converts rest into ketones > blood - correct answer ✔FAT METABOLISM:
- Most/least efficient fuel storage
- __ kcal/g stored energy
- Energy source during ___ and _____ activity
- Excess CHO and proteins converted to ___ for storage in adipose
- Almost all body cells use ____ ___s w/ GLU for energy (cept: brain, nervous tissue, RBCs)
- ____: uses small amount fatty acids for own energy; Converts rest into _____ > blood
- Formation body structures
- Amino acids = building blocks 'o proteins
- Limited facility for storage o amino acids in body > usually in proteins
- Excess amino acids > fatty acids, ketones, GLU > stored as metabolic fuel
- Fatty acids CANNOT be converted to GLU
- Must use amino acids as substrate for gluconeogenesis when metabolic needs exceed food intake -
correct answer ✔PROTEIN METABOLISM:
- Formation body ______
- ____ ___s = building blocks 'o proteins
- Limited facility for storage o amino acids in body > usually in ____s
- Excess amino acids > ____ ___s, _____, _____ > stored as metabolic fuel
- Fatty acids _____ be converted to GLU
