Exam Final: BIOS 255 / BIOS255 (2025/
2026 Update) Anatomy and Physiology III
Complete Guide | 100% Correct| Grade A
-Chamberlain
What are the 2 type of immune response? - ANSWER Innate Immunity
and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate immunity? - ANSWER 1st and
2nd line of defense
Innate Immunity characteristics - ANSWER Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense? - ANSWER Skin & Mucous Membranes
,What is the 2nd line of defense? - ANSWER Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types? - ANSWER
Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity - ANSWER skin
mucous membranes
tears
saliva
mucus
cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity - ANSWER sebum
lysozyme
gastric juices
What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity - ANSWER
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
,Fever
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
steps of phagocytosis - ANSWER chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion
killing
What happens in inflammation? - ANSWER redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do? - ANSWER protect the uninfected host cell
from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition - ANSWER ability of body to defend itself
against specific invading agents
, adaptive immunity characteristics - ANSWER Specific immunity
has both specificity and memory
2 types
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity - ANSWER cell mediated and
antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity - ANSWER Specific immunity that
only uses T cells
antibody-mediated immunity - ANSWER produces antibody B cells in
response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells (humoral)
Immunogenicity - ANSWER ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity - ANSWER ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody
it provokes
2026 Update) Anatomy and Physiology III
Complete Guide | 100% Correct| Grade A
-Chamberlain
What are the 2 type of immune response? - ANSWER Innate Immunity
and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate immunity? - ANSWER 1st and
2nd line of defense
Innate Immunity characteristics - ANSWER Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense? - ANSWER Skin & Mucous Membranes
,What is the 2nd line of defense? - ANSWER Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types? - ANSWER
Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity - ANSWER skin
mucous membranes
tears
saliva
mucus
cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity - ANSWER sebum
lysozyme
gastric juices
What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity - ANSWER
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
,Fever
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
steps of phagocytosis - ANSWER chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion
killing
What happens in inflammation? - ANSWER redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do? - ANSWER protect the uninfected host cell
from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition - ANSWER ability of body to defend itself
against specific invading agents
, adaptive immunity characteristics - ANSWER Specific immunity
has both specificity and memory
2 types
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity - ANSWER cell mediated and
antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity - ANSWER Specific immunity that
only uses T cells
antibody-mediated immunity - ANSWER produces antibody B cells in
response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells (humoral)
Immunogenicity - ANSWER ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity - ANSWER ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody
it provokes
