NUR 240 Exam 3 Questions and Correct
Answers Latest 2025-2026 GRADED A+
What is a prerenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Caused by decreased renal
blood flow or obstruction of the renal artery
Who is at risk for prerenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Renal vascular
obstruction, shock, decreased CO causing decreased renal perfusion, sepsis,
hypovolemia, peripheral vascular resistance, use of aspirin ibuprofen or
NSAIDs, liver failure
What is postrenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to obstruction of urinary
outflow
Who is at risk for postrenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Stone, tumor, bladder
atony, prostate hyperplasia, urethral structure, spinal cord disease or injury
What is intrinsic AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to disturbances within the
glomerulus or renal tubes
Who is at risk for intrinsic AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Physical injury (trauma),
hypoxic injury (renal artery or vein stenosis or thrombosis), chemical injury
(acute nephrotoxins; antibiotics, contrast dye, heavy metals, blood transfusion
reaction, alcohol, cocaine), immunologic injury (infection, vasculitis, acute
glomerulonephritis)
What is the oliguric phase of AKI and what would you expect the urine output to
be? - CORRECT ANSWERS Begins with the kidney insult; urine output is 100-
400 mL/24hr with or without diuretics; lasts for 1-3 weeks.
What meds would you use cautiously in the patient with AKI? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Any nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, acyclovir,
cyclosporine, antibiotics, contrast dye, heavy metals, blood transfusion
reaction, alcohol, cocaine
What can hemodialysis remove from the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS Labs:
BUN, blood creatinine, electrolytes, Hct
Meds: blood pressure lowering meds and any other dialyzable med
Advantages/Disadvantages of HD vs PD - CORRECT ANSWERS Hemodialysis
has a greater chance of procedural complications, requires vascular access
, which is an opportunity for infection. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum
as the filtration membrane, less risk for complications.
Complications that occur with HD - CORRECT ANSWERS clotting at infection
site, disequilibrium syndrome, hypotension, infectious diseases, anemia.
Complications that occur with PD - CORRECT ANSWERS infection at the
access site, protein loss, hyperglycemia (from hyperosmality of dialysate),
poor dialysate inflow
Nursing responsibilities for HD - CORRECT ANSWERS avoid measuring BP on
arm with fistulas, asses lab values and weight, hold medications until after
dialysis, monitor coagulation studies
Nursing responsibilities for PD - CORRECT ANSWERS monitor blood glucose,
record inflow and outflow of dialysate, monitor albumin levels, increase protein
intake maintain surgical aseptic technique, milk tubing, prevent constipation
What are the problems that can develop when a patient does not receive
dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Toxins will build up in the blood and death will
follow
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS solutes move across a semipermeable
membrane from a solution where they are in higher concentration (the plasma)
to a solution where they are in a lower concentration (the dialysate)
Ultrafiltration - CORRECT ANSWERS remove fluid and midsized solute
molecules that are associated with uremia. Rate depends on porosity of
membrane and hydrostatic pressure of blood.
What is the assessment and care of a patient with an AV fistula for dialysis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Assess patency of fistula, avoid BP, venipunctures, or
IV's in arm with access, signs of infection..
What is the most accurate indicator of fluid status in the patient with AKI? -
CORRECT ANSWERS daily weights
What is the priority of interventions for the burn patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Airway management, fluid resuscitation to perfuse organs (crystalloids!),
asses urine output, electrolytes, debridement, wound coverage & use of silver
sulfadiazine
What would be indicated for a patient who had mummified limbs after an
electrical burn? - CORRECT ANSWERS Amputation is usually required
Answers Latest 2025-2026 GRADED A+
What is a prerenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Caused by decreased renal
blood flow or obstruction of the renal artery
Who is at risk for prerenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Renal vascular
obstruction, shock, decreased CO causing decreased renal perfusion, sepsis,
hypovolemia, peripheral vascular resistance, use of aspirin ibuprofen or
NSAIDs, liver failure
What is postrenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to obstruction of urinary
outflow
Who is at risk for postrenal AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Stone, tumor, bladder
atony, prostate hyperplasia, urethral structure, spinal cord disease or injury
What is intrinsic AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to disturbances within the
glomerulus or renal tubes
Who is at risk for intrinsic AKI? - CORRECT ANSWERS Physical injury (trauma),
hypoxic injury (renal artery or vein stenosis or thrombosis), chemical injury
(acute nephrotoxins; antibiotics, contrast dye, heavy metals, blood transfusion
reaction, alcohol, cocaine), immunologic injury (infection, vasculitis, acute
glomerulonephritis)
What is the oliguric phase of AKI and what would you expect the urine output to
be? - CORRECT ANSWERS Begins with the kidney insult; urine output is 100-
400 mL/24hr with or without diuretics; lasts for 1-3 weeks.
What meds would you use cautiously in the patient with AKI? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Any nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, acyclovir,
cyclosporine, antibiotics, contrast dye, heavy metals, blood transfusion
reaction, alcohol, cocaine
What can hemodialysis remove from the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS Labs:
BUN, blood creatinine, electrolytes, Hct
Meds: blood pressure lowering meds and any other dialyzable med
Advantages/Disadvantages of HD vs PD - CORRECT ANSWERS Hemodialysis
has a greater chance of procedural complications, requires vascular access
, which is an opportunity for infection. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum
as the filtration membrane, less risk for complications.
Complications that occur with HD - CORRECT ANSWERS clotting at infection
site, disequilibrium syndrome, hypotension, infectious diseases, anemia.
Complications that occur with PD - CORRECT ANSWERS infection at the
access site, protein loss, hyperglycemia (from hyperosmality of dialysate),
poor dialysate inflow
Nursing responsibilities for HD - CORRECT ANSWERS avoid measuring BP on
arm with fistulas, asses lab values and weight, hold medications until after
dialysis, monitor coagulation studies
Nursing responsibilities for PD - CORRECT ANSWERS monitor blood glucose,
record inflow and outflow of dialysate, monitor albumin levels, increase protein
intake maintain surgical aseptic technique, milk tubing, prevent constipation
What are the problems that can develop when a patient does not receive
dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Toxins will build up in the blood and death will
follow
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS solutes move across a semipermeable
membrane from a solution where they are in higher concentration (the plasma)
to a solution where they are in a lower concentration (the dialysate)
Ultrafiltration - CORRECT ANSWERS remove fluid and midsized solute
molecules that are associated with uremia. Rate depends on porosity of
membrane and hydrostatic pressure of blood.
What is the assessment and care of a patient with an AV fistula for dialysis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Assess patency of fistula, avoid BP, venipunctures, or
IV's in arm with access, signs of infection..
What is the most accurate indicator of fluid status in the patient with AKI? -
CORRECT ANSWERS daily weights
What is the priority of interventions for the burn patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Airway management, fluid resuscitation to perfuse organs (crystalloids!),
asses urine output, electrolytes, debridement, wound coverage & use of silver
sulfadiazine
What would be indicated for a patient who had mummified limbs after an
electrical burn? - CORRECT ANSWERS Amputation is usually required
