Page 1 of 71
Summary NREMT Cardiology & Resuscitation Study
Guide Notes ( Latest 2025)
Myocardium .....ANSWER.....heart muscle
Septum .....ANSWER.....Divides the right and left chambers of the
heart
Atrium .....ANSWER.....One of two (right and left) upper chambers
of the heart.
- The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and
delivers it to the right ventricle.
- The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and
delivers it to the left ventricle.
Ventricle .....ANSWER.....One of two (right and left) lower
chambers of the heart.
- The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium (upper
chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta.
,Page 2 of 71
- The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and
pumps it into the pulmonary artery.
Aorta .....ANSWER.....The main artery leaving the left side of the
heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it
to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the
body.
Coronary Arteries .....ANSWER.....The blood vessels that carry
blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.
- left & right; branch at the base of the aorta
- supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
Circulation of the Right Side of the Heart .....ANSWER.....-
receives blood from the veins of the body
- the blood enters from the superior and inferior venae cavae
into the right atrium and then passes through the tricuspid valve
to fill the right ventricle
,Page 3 of 71
- after the right ventricle is filled, the tricuspid valve closes to
prevent back-flow after the right ventricular muscle contracts
- contraction of the right ventricle causes blood to flow through
the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary
circulation
Circulation of the Left Side of the Heart .....ANSWER.....- receives
oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
into the left atrium, where the blood passes through the mitral
valve into the left ventricle
- contraction of this most muscular of the pumping chambers
pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta and then
to the arteries of the body
Pulmonary Veins .....ANSWER.....The four veins that return
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Aortic Valve .....ANSWER.....The one-way valve that lies between
the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing
, Page 4 of 71
back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood
into the aorta; one of four heart valves.
Chordae Tendineae .....ANSWER.....Thin bands of fibrous tissue
that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from
inverting.
Heart Rate (HR) .....ANSWER.....The number of heartbeats during
a specific time (usually 1 minute).
Stroke Volume (SV) .....ANSWER.....The volume of blood ejected
with each ventricular contraction.
Cardiac Output (CO) .....ANSWER.....A measure of the volume of
blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by
multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
- CO = HR X SV
Depolarization .....ANSWER.....the electrical charges on the
surface of the muscle cell change from positive to negative
Summary NREMT Cardiology & Resuscitation Study
Guide Notes ( Latest 2025)
Myocardium .....ANSWER.....heart muscle
Septum .....ANSWER.....Divides the right and left chambers of the
heart
Atrium .....ANSWER.....One of two (right and left) upper chambers
of the heart.
- The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and
delivers it to the right ventricle.
- The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and
delivers it to the left ventricle.
Ventricle .....ANSWER.....One of two (right and left) lower
chambers of the heart.
- The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium (upper
chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta.
,Page 2 of 71
- The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and
pumps it into the pulmonary artery.
Aorta .....ANSWER.....The main artery leaving the left side of the
heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it
to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the
body.
Coronary Arteries .....ANSWER.....The blood vessels that carry
blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.
- left & right; branch at the base of the aorta
- supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
Circulation of the Right Side of the Heart .....ANSWER.....-
receives blood from the veins of the body
- the blood enters from the superior and inferior venae cavae
into the right atrium and then passes through the tricuspid valve
to fill the right ventricle
,Page 3 of 71
- after the right ventricle is filled, the tricuspid valve closes to
prevent back-flow after the right ventricular muscle contracts
- contraction of the right ventricle causes blood to flow through
the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary
circulation
Circulation of the Left Side of the Heart .....ANSWER.....- receives
oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
into the left atrium, where the blood passes through the mitral
valve into the left ventricle
- contraction of this most muscular of the pumping chambers
pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta and then
to the arteries of the body
Pulmonary Veins .....ANSWER.....The four veins that return
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Aortic Valve .....ANSWER.....The one-way valve that lies between
the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing
, Page 4 of 71
back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood
into the aorta; one of four heart valves.
Chordae Tendineae .....ANSWER.....Thin bands of fibrous tissue
that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from
inverting.
Heart Rate (HR) .....ANSWER.....The number of heartbeats during
a specific time (usually 1 minute).
Stroke Volume (SV) .....ANSWER.....The volume of blood ejected
with each ventricular contraction.
Cardiac Output (CO) .....ANSWER.....A measure of the volume of
blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by
multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
- CO = HR X SV
Depolarization .....ANSWER.....the electrical charges on the
surface of the muscle cell change from positive to negative
