PAT 201 WEEK 8 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is another name for muscarinic antagonists? - Answer-anticholinergic drugs
What is the mechanism of action for inhaled muscarinic antagonists? - Answer-
promotes bronchodilation by blocking muscarinic (acetylcholine) receptors (PNS) sites
in bronchioles
What causes COPD? - Answer-smoking, pollution, chemical irritants, and genetic
mutation
What is a common genetic factor that leads to COPD? - Answer-alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency which makes the lungs more vulnerable to damage
What is paradoxical bronchospasm? - Answer-when it causes the airways to narrow
instead of opening the airways
What is the drug classification for salbutamol? - Answer-bronchodilators
- short acting b2-adrenergic agonist
What are the 2 different obstructive pulmonary diseases? - Answer-asthma and copd
what are the 2 conditions caused by pulmonary disease? - Answer-hypercapnia
hypoxemia
what is hypercapnia? - Answer-increased CO2 in arterial blood
what is hypoxemia? - Answer-low o2 content in the blood
what is ventilation? - Answer-airflow to lungs
what is perfusion? - Answer-blood flow to the lungs
what does the v/q ratio tell us? - Answer-how well the air and blood are matched in the
lungs for gas exchange in a ratio
what does low or high v/q mean? - Answer-low v/q (shunt)
, - theres blood flow but not enough air gettint into the alveoli (asthma)
high v/q (dead space)
- theres enough air but not enough blood flow to pick the oxygen up
what is shunting? - Answer-blood passes through the lungs without being oxygenated
what is alevolar dead space? - Answer-non-functional alveoli due to collapse or
obstruction
what is low and high v/q? - Answer-low:
- decreased ventilation (v) but normal perfusion (q)
high:
- normal ventilation (v) but decreased perfusion (q)
what are the four tests of pulmonary function? - Answer-spirometry
total lung capacity
thoracic imaging techniques
arterial blood gas analysis
what does it mean by total lung capacity? - Answer-the total amount of air the lungs can
hold after taking the deepest breaths possible
vital capacity (VC) + residual volume (RV)
what are the 2 things a spirometer measures? - Answer-how fast you can blow the air
out
how much air you can exhale after taking a deep breath
what is forced expiratory volume? (FEV1) - Answer-amount of air exhaled in the first
second fo a forceful exhalation
what is the normal volume for FEV1? - Answer-4L (can depend on age, sex, and size)
what is forced vital capacity? (FVC) - Answer-the total amount of air exhaled forcefully
after taking the deepest breath possible
what is the normal value for FVC? - Answer-5L and should be achieved in 4-6 seconds
in healthy adults
what is the FEV1/FVC ratio? - Answer-the fraction of air exhaled in the first second
relative to the total volume exhaled
ex. 4L divided by 5L
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is another name for muscarinic antagonists? - Answer-anticholinergic drugs
What is the mechanism of action for inhaled muscarinic antagonists? - Answer-
promotes bronchodilation by blocking muscarinic (acetylcholine) receptors (PNS) sites
in bronchioles
What causes COPD? - Answer-smoking, pollution, chemical irritants, and genetic
mutation
What is a common genetic factor that leads to COPD? - Answer-alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency which makes the lungs more vulnerable to damage
What is paradoxical bronchospasm? - Answer-when it causes the airways to narrow
instead of opening the airways
What is the drug classification for salbutamol? - Answer-bronchodilators
- short acting b2-adrenergic agonist
What are the 2 different obstructive pulmonary diseases? - Answer-asthma and copd
what are the 2 conditions caused by pulmonary disease? - Answer-hypercapnia
hypoxemia
what is hypercapnia? - Answer-increased CO2 in arterial blood
what is hypoxemia? - Answer-low o2 content in the blood
what is ventilation? - Answer-airflow to lungs
what is perfusion? - Answer-blood flow to the lungs
what does the v/q ratio tell us? - Answer-how well the air and blood are matched in the
lungs for gas exchange in a ratio
what does low or high v/q mean? - Answer-low v/q (shunt)
, - theres blood flow but not enough air gettint into the alveoli (asthma)
high v/q (dead space)
- theres enough air but not enough blood flow to pick the oxygen up
what is shunting? - Answer-blood passes through the lungs without being oxygenated
what is alevolar dead space? - Answer-non-functional alveoli due to collapse or
obstruction
what is low and high v/q? - Answer-low:
- decreased ventilation (v) but normal perfusion (q)
high:
- normal ventilation (v) but decreased perfusion (q)
what are the four tests of pulmonary function? - Answer-spirometry
total lung capacity
thoracic imaging techniques
arterial blood gas analysis
what does it mean by total lung capacity? - Answer-the total amount of air the lungs can
hold after taking the deepest breaths possible
vital capacity (VC) + residual volume (RV)
what are the 2 things a spirometer measures? - Answer-how fast you can blow the air
out
how much air you can exhale after taking a deep breath
what is forced expiratory volume? (FEV1) - Answer-amount of air exhaled in the first
second fo a forceful exhalation
what is the normal volume for FEV1? - Answer-4L (can depend on age, sex, and size)
what is forced vital capacity? (FVC) - Answer-the total amount of air exhaled forcefully
after taking the deepest breath possible
what is the normal value for FVC? - Answer-5L and should be achieved in 4-6 seconds
in healthy adults
what is the FEV1/FVC ratio? - Answer-the fraction of air exhaled in the first second
relative to the total volume exhaled
ex. 4L divided by 5L
