CVT 105 FINAL EXAM (1-3) QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2025
When it comes to the ANS, the [____] division prepares our body to function under stress (flight
or flight_ and the [____] division conserves and restores body resources (rest and digest). -
Answers Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
Sinus arrhythmia is a dysrhythmia originating in the AV Node and occurs when the AV Node
discharges irregularly. [T or F] - Answers False
Beta 2 receptors affect the heart and Beat 2 Receptors affect the lungs. [T or F] - Answers True
What are some signs and symptoms of decreased CO.
-Acute Drop in BP
-Acute Changes in Mental Status
-Dysrhythmias
-Dyspnea
-Chest Tightness
-Fatigue
-Fever - Answers -Acute Drop in BP
-Acute Changes in Mental Status
-Dysrhythmias
-Dyspnea
-Fatigue
A patient has a SV of 80 ml/beat and a HR of 70 bpm. What is his CO and is considered normal,
increased or decreased?
-Increased CO
-Decreased CO
-Normal CO
-5.6 ml/min
-5.6 L/beat - Answers -Normal CO
-5.6 L/min
,Properties of Cardiac Cells:
-Ability of cardiac cell to shorten, causing contraction of the cardiac muscle in response to
electrical stimuli
-Ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse
-Ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus
-Ability of a cardiac cell to receive an electrical stimulus & conduct that impulse to an adjacent
cell - Answers -Contractility
-Automaticity
-Excitability
-Conductivity
Explain the Chronotropic, Inotropic, and dromotropic effects as they pertain to the heart. -
Answers -Chronotropic: effects the heart rate, positive increases, negative decreases
-Inotropic: Effects the contractility, positive increases, negative decreases
-Dromotropic: Effects the conduction velocity, positive increases, negative decreases
What is depolarization? - Answers The cause of contraction by a shift in electrical charges in
pacemaker cells
List in order the 5 steps used in ECG rhythm analysis - Answers 1. Assess the rhythm, irregular
or regular
2. Assess the rate
3. Identify & examine waveforms
4. Assess PR Interval, QRS Duration, interpret ST Segment
5. Interpret waveform and assess clinical significance
EKG deflections that record below the isoelectric line are positive deflections. They demonstrate
that most electrical depolarization is occurring in the direction of that particular EKG Lead.
Deflections recorded above the isoelectric line are negative deflections. [T or F] - Answers False
What is the isoelectric line of an EKG defined as? - Answers It is defined as the baseline of the
EKG
What is the order of electrical impulses as it travels around the heart?
1.
, 2.
3.
4.
5.
6. - Answers 1. SA Node
2. Internodal Pathways
3. AV Node
4. Bundle of HIS
5. L & R Bundle Branches
6. Purkinje Fiber Network
The [____] is the largest vein that drains the heart. It lies in the groove, also known as the [____],
that separates the atria's from the ventricles. - Answers Coronary Sinus, Coronary Sulcus
Occlusion of the Circumflex artery has been referred to as the "widowmaker" because of its
association with sudden cardiac arrest when it is blocked. [T or F] - Answers False, LAD.
What areas make up the anterior surface of the heart? - Answers RV, RA, LV
Which valves separate the atria from the ventricles? - Answers Tricuspid, Mitral
The main coronary arteries lie on the epicardial surface of the heart. [T or F] - Answers True
[____] cells are the hearts mechanical cells that contain contractile filaments. - Answers
Myocardial
[____] cells are referred to as the conducting or automatic cells within the heart. - Answers
Pacemaker
Define each heart block in detail. - Answers -First Degree: PR greater than 0.20, rate is regular
-Second Degree (Mobitz I): Wenckebach, PR gets longer and longer till one is dropped, leaving
an unconducted beat
-Second Degree (Mobitz II): PR is elongated and regular, until one unconductive beat is seen
-Third Degree: Complete heart block, No supraventricular impulses past the AV Node, leading to
independent Atrial and Ventricular Rhythms
When it comes to the correlation between HR and the EKG rhythm strip, what is the method or
When it comes to the ANS, the [____] division prepares our body to function under stress (flight
or flight_ and the [____] division conserves and restores body resources (rest and digest). -
Answers Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
Sinus arrhythmia is a dysrhythmia originating in the AV Node and occurs when the AV Node
discharges irregularly. [T or F] - Answers False
Beta 2 receptors affect the heart and Beat 2 Receptors affect the lungs. [T or F] - Answers True
What are some signs and symptoms of decreased CO.
-Acute Drop in BP
-Acute Changes in Mental Status
-Dysrhythmias
-Dyspnea
-Chest Tightness
-Fatigue
-Fever - Answers -Acute Drop in BP
-Acute Changes in Mental Status
-Dysrhythmias
-Dyspnea
-Fatigue
A patient has a SV of 80 ml/beat and a HR of 70 bpm. What is his CO and is considered normal,
increased or decreased?
-Increased CO
-Decreased CO
-Normal CO
-5.6 ml/min
-5.6 L/beat - Answers -Normal CO
-5.6 L/min
,Properties of Cardiac Cells:
-Ability of cardiac cell to shorten, causing contraction of the cardiac muscle in response to
electrical stimuli
-Ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse
-Ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus
-Ability of a cardiac cell to receive an electrical stimulus & conduct that impulse to an adjacent
cell - Answers -Contractility
-Automaticity
-Excitability
-Conductivity
Explain the Chronotropic, Inotropic, and dromotropic effects as they pertain to the heart. -
Answers -Chronotropic: effects the heart rate, positive increases, negative decreases
-Inotropic: Effects the contractility, positive increases, negative decreases
-Dromotropic: Effects the conduction velocity, positive increases, negative decreases
What is depolarization? - Answers The cause of contraction by a shift in electrical charges in
pacemaker cells
List in order the 5 steps used in ECG rhythm analysis - Answers 1. Assess the rhythm, irregular
or regular
2. Assess the rate
3. Identify & examine waveforms
4. Assess PR Interval, QRS Duration, interpret ST Segment
5. Interpret waveform and assess clinical significance
EKG deflections that record below the isoelectric line are positive deflections. They demonstrate
that most electrical depolarization is occurring in the direction of that particular EKG Lead.
Deflections recorded above the isoelectric line are negative deflections. [T or F] - Answers False
What is the isoelectric line of an EKG defined as? - Answers It is defined as the baseline of the
EKG
What is the order of electrical impulses as it travels around the heart?
1.
, 2.
3.
4.
5.
6. - Answers 1. SA Node
2. Internodal Pathways
3. AV Node
4. Bundle of HIS
5. L & R Bundle Branches
6. Purkinje Fiber Network
The [____] is the largest vein that drains the heart. It lies in the groove, also known as the [____],
that separates the atria's from the ventricles. - Answers Coronary Sinus, Coronary Sulcus
Occlusion of the Circumflex artery has been referred to as the "widowmaker" because of its
association with sudden cardiac arrest when it is blocked. [T or F] - Answers False, LAD.
What areas make up the anterior surface of the heart? - Answers RV, RA, LV
Which valves separate the atria from the ventricles? - Answers Tricuspid, Mitral
The main coronary arteries lie on the epicardial surface of the heart. [T or F] - Answers True
[____] cells are the hearts mechanical cells that contain contractile filaments. - Answers
Myocardial
[____] cells are referred to as the conducting or automatic cells within the heart. - Answers
Pacemaker
Define each heart block in detail. - Answers -First Degree: PR greater than 0.20, rate is regular
-Second Degree (Mobitz I): Wenckebach, PR gets longer and longer till one is dropped, leaving
an unconducted beat
-Second Degree (Mobitz II): PR is elongated and regular, until one unconductive beat is seen
-Third Degree: Complete heart block, No supraventricular impulses past the AV Node, leading to
independent Atrial and Ventricular Rhythms
When it comes to the correlation between HR and the EKG rhythm strip, what is the method or
