NR 546 Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Midterm Exam Study Guide (Week 1 - 4)

NR 546 Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-
Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Midterm Exam Study Guide (Week 1 - 4)




1. What should the PMHNP consider when prescribing chemical restraints?: -
-allergy status
-prior med hx for adverse drug reactions r/t the meds ordered in the chemicalrestraint
-state regulations regarding chemical restrains must be reviewed
2. Are the PMHNP and other staff liable if the client has an allergic reaction oradverse
side effects to the drugs used for chemical restraint?: No.
The client has been court-ordered to take the prescribed medications and the standing
order for chemical restraints is approved. The PMHNP and other staff arenot liable if the
patient has an allergic reaction or adverse side effects.

,3. How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP inselecting
medication for clients?: -Genetic testing can assist by providing more information on
how clients may respond to certain psychotropic medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize medicationsbased
on the cytochrome P450 system.
4. Tanr1kulu and Erba_ (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the presence of
an inherited link for schizophrenia and why one twin may developschizophrenia when
the other does not. When two people have 100% identicalDNA, why don't both persons
develop the exact illnesses? Studies of identicalDanish twins found that if one twin had
schizophrenia, the other twin had a 50% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia
(Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is there only half the risk?: Both environmental and
psychosocial stressors can im-pact mental health. Although twins may have identical
genes, their gene expressionmay be different.


There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should havebeen
"off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
5. central sulcus: separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
6. frontal lobe: associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
7. broca's area: speech production
8. temporal lobe: involves object identification and auditory signals
9. cerebellum: coordination
10. wernicke's area: speech comprehension
11. occipital lobe: primary visual area
12. parietal lobe: keeps us alert to what is going on around us

,13. sensory cortex: pain, heat, and other sensations
14. motor cortex: movement
15. hippocampus: involved in both memory and anxiety
16. nucleus accumbens: involved in the reward process

, 17. thalamus: involved in sensory organ and motor command processing ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI




18. striatum: involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to motor actions
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19. limbic system: includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and reward
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20. basal ganglia: group of structures involved in voluntary motor movements
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21. amygdala: involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI ZI




22. corpus callosum: controls the communication between the two brain hemi-
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spheres
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23. white matter: contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different regionsinto fu
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nctional circuits ZI




24. grey matter: contains nerve cells and dendrites
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25. brain tissue: made up of grey matter and white matter
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26. dorsal striatum: involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition tomotor
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actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
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*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
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27. The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene expres
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sion is:: influenced by environmental factors and how epigeneticscontributes to the m
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anifestation of mental illness ZI ZI ZI




28. How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health?: internal or externalfactors acti
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vate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation of mental health symptoms
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-
activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with thegenetic risk
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esults in the disease
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-genes being on or off
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