ENT 101 midterm 1
insect represent what percent of all known species - Answer-over 50%
vertebrates - Answer-have an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) with vertebrae arranged into a spinal
column
invertebrates - Answer-no vertebrae (no internal support structure) they have support outside their
body (exoskeleton)
two functions of the vertebral column - Answer-1. provides support against gravity
2. allows for large body sizes
vertebrate animals (5) - Answer-1. amphibians
2. fish
3. reptiles
4. birds
5. mammals
more than 90% of all species are what - Answer-invertebrates
most recognized species of invertebrates - Answer-arthropods
arthron - Answer-joint
,podos - Answer-feet
arthropod means what - Answer-jointed appendages
two functions of jointed appendages - Answer-1. locomotion
2. modified for different structures (antennae, mouth parts, reproductive structures)
how many known species of arthropods are there - Answer-about 1.2 million
arthropods include what groups (6) - Answer-1. crabs
2. lobsters
3. spiders
4. scorpion
5. millipedes
6. centipedes
7. insects
5 characteristics of arthropods - Answer-1. bilateral symmetry
2. segmented bodies
3. ventral nerve cords
4. dorsal blood vessels
5. exoskeletons
bilateral symmetry - Answer-split along the anterior-posterior axis (forming a single plane of symmetry,
separating into left and right sides)
,jellyfish almost have perfect of what type of symmetry - Answer-radial
3 main body axis - Answer-1. dorsal/ventral
2. anterior/posterior
3. lateral
dorsal ventral axis - Answer-from top to bottom
anterior posterior axis - Answer-from front to back
lateral axis - Answer-from one side to another
segmented body - Answer-fused into regions/tagmata with different biological functions
ventral nerve cord of arthropods is not enclosed in what - Answer-a protective spinal column
what type of nerve cord do humans have - Answer-dorsal
what kind of circulatory system do humans have - Answer-closed
open circulatory system of arthropods - Answer-don't have a network of blood vessels, they have a
single dorsal blood vessel with large openings at either end
in arthropods, tissues are directly exposed to what - Answer-blood
, exoskeleton two features - Answer-hard and flexible
exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of what - Answer-cuticle and epidermis
exoskeleton cuticle is made up of which two things - Answer-chitin and protein
3 layers of the exoskeleton cuticle - Answer-1. waxy epicuticle
2. exocuticle
3. endocuticle
exocuticle is hardened by what - Answer-tanning
endocuticle features - Answer-unhardened and stretchy
epidermis of exoskeleton lies where - Answer-below the endocuticle
basement membrane of exoskeleton - Answer-thin tissue under epidermis (separating it form the body
cavity)
5 functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods - Answer-1. protects from damage
2. reduces water loss
3. site for muscle attachment
4. barrier against microorganisms
5. supports internal organs
which part of the exoskeleton reduces water loss - Answer-the epicuticle
insect represent what percent of all known species - Answer-over 50%
vertebrates - Answer-have an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) with vertebrae arranged into a spinal
column
invertebrates - Answer-no vertebrae (no internal support structure) they have support outside their
body (exoskeleton)
two functions of the vertebral column - Answer-1. provides support against gravity
2. allows for large body sizes
vertebrate animals (5) - Answer-1. amphibians
2. fish
3. reptiles
4. birds
5. mammals
more than 90% of all species are what - Answer-invertebrates
most recognized species of invertebrates - Answer-arthropods
arthron - Answer-joint
,podos - Answer-feet
arthropod means what - Answer-jointed appendages
two functions of jointed appendages - Answer-1. locomotion
2. modified for different structures (antennae, mouth parts, reproductive structures)
how many known species of arthropods are there - Answer-about 1.2 million
arthropods include what groups (6) - Answer-1. crabs
2. lobsters
3. spiders
4. scorpion
5. millipedes
6. centipedes
7. insects
5 characteristics of arthropods - Answer-1. bilateral symmetry
2. segmented bodies
3. ventral nerve cords
4. dorsal blood vessels
5. exoskeletons
bilateral symmetry - Answer-split along the anterior-posterior axis (forming a single plane of symmetry,
separating into left and right sides)
,jellyfish almost have perfect of what type of symmetry - Answer-radial
3 main body axis - Answer-1. dorsal/ventral
2. anterior/posterior
3. lateral
dorsal ventral axis - Answer-from top to bottom
anterior posterior axis - Answer-from front to back
lateral axis - Answer-from one side to another
segmented body - Answer-fused into regions/tagmata with different biological functions
ventral nerve cord of arthropods is not enclosed in what - Answer-a protective spinal column
what type of nerve cord do humans have - Answer-dorsal
what kind of circulatory system do humans have - Answer-closed
open circulatory system of arthropods - Answer-don't have a network of blood vessels, they have a
single dorsal blood vessel with large openings at either end
in arthropods, tissues are directly exposed to what - Answer-blood
, exoskeleton two features - Answer-hard and flexible
exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of what - Answer-cuticle and epidermis
exoskeleton cuticle is made up of which two things - Answer-chitin and protein
3 layers of the exoskeleton cuticle - Answer-1. waxy epicuticle
2. exocuticle
3. endocuticle
exocuticle is hardened by what - Answer-tanning
endocuticle features - Answer-unhardened and stretchy
epidermis of exoskeleton lies where - Answer-below the endocuticle
basement membrane of exoskeleton - Answer-thin tissue under epidermis (separating it form the body
cavity)
5 functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods - Answer-1. protects from damage
2. reduces water loss
3. site for muscle attachment
4. barrier against microorganisms
5. supports internal organs
which part of the exoskeleton reduces water loss - Answer-the epicuticle
