BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 150
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
A provider prescribes transdermal estrogen spray. Which patient statement demonstrates
understanding of the application of this medication?
A) "I will apply the medication to my waistline and shoulders."
B) "My abdomen and arms are the primary point of application."
C) "This medication will work best if applied to my breasts and abdomen."
D) "I need to put the medication on my thighs and calves." –
A+ TEST BANK 1
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Correct Answer :"I need to put the medication on my thighs and calves."
The top of the thighs and the back of the calves are the preferred sites for application of the
transdermal spray. The waistline and abdomen are used for the patches. The gel is applied to
arms. Breasts are not used for application of transdermal estrogen.
For which patient situation will a provider select combination estrogen and progestin therapy
over estrogen only therapy for management of menopausal symptoms?
A) No history of a hysterectomy
B) Has osteoporosis
C) At risk for myocardial infarction
D) History of deep vein thrombosis –
Correct Answer :No history of a hysterectomy
In patients who still have a uterus, progestin is necessary to reduce risk of endometrial
carcinoma. Progestins do not have effects on bone density and do not decrease risk of MI of
DVT.
A patient with osteopenia asks about the benefits of hormone therapy in preventing
osteoporosis. Which statement by the provider is correct?
A) "Estrogen can help reverse bone loss."
B) "Hormone therapy increases bone resorption."
C) "Hormone therapy does not decrease fracture risk."
D) "When hormone therapy is discontinued, bone loss resumes." –
A+ TEST BANK 2
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Correct Answer :"When hormone therapy is discontinued, bone loss resumes."
Benefits of Hormone Therapy to prevent osteoporosis are not permanent; bone loss resumes
when HT is discontinued. HT does not reverse bone loss that has already occurred. HT reduces
bone resorption. HT can decrease fracture risk.
The patient who reports vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse is opposed to using lubricants
but is concerned about hormonal adverse effects. Which hormone formulation will the provider
choose to decrease systemic estrogen effects?
A) Medroxygesterone acetate
B) Transdermal estrogen
C) Low-dose estrogens
D) A vaginal conjugated estrogen –
Correct Answer :A vaginal conjugated estrogen
Estrogens for intravaginal administration are used for local effects, primarily to treat vulval and
vaginal atrophy, so there is a lower risk of systemic effects. Medroxygesterone is a progesterone
used for contraception and is not indicated for this condition. The other formulations will have
more systemic effect than the vaginal formulation.
A prescriber provides teachings to a patient about the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy (ET)
in the peri-menopausal period. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the
teaching?
A) "Estrogen therapy can provide protection against breast cancer."
A+ TEST BANK 3
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
B) "Estrogen therapy decreases the risk for thrombosis and stroke."
C) "Estrogen therapy increases the risk for osteoporosis."
D) "Estrogen therapy is the most effective drug for suppression of menopausal symptoms." –
Correct Answer :"Estrogen therapy is the most effective drug for suppression of menopausal
symptoms."
ET is the most effective means to suppress menopausal symptoms. It can prevent osteoporosis,
but it carries risks of breasts cancer and stroke.
A 50-year-old postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy has moderate to severe
vasomotor symptoms and is discussion estrogen therapy (ET) with the provider. When the
patient expresses concerns about adverse effects of ET, what information will the provider share
with her?
A) An estrogen-progesterone product will reduce side effects.
B) An intravaginal preparation may be best for her.
C) Side effects of ET are uncommon among women her age.
D) Transdermal preparations have fewer side effects. –
Correct Answer :Transdermal preparations have fewer side effects.
Transdermal preparations of estrogen have fewer adverse effects, use lower doses of estrogen,
and have less fluctuation of estrogen levels than do oral preparations. Progesterone is
contraindicated in women who have undergone hysterectomy. Intravaginal preparations are
most useful for treating local estrogen deficiency such as vaginal and vulvar atrophy but this
patient has severe vasomotor symptoms. Side effects of ET can be common regardless of age.
A+ TEST BANK 4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 150
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
A provider prescribes transdermal estrogen spray. Which patient statement demonstrates
understanding of the application of this medication?
A) "I will apply the medication to my waistline and shoulders."
B) "My abdomen and arms are the primary point of application."
C) "This medication will work best if applied to my breasts and abdomen."
D) "I need to put the medication on my thighs and calves." –
A+ TEST BANK 1
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Correct Answer :"I need to put the medication on my thighs and calves."
The top of the thighs and the back of the calves are the preferred sites for application of the
transdermal spray. The waistline and abdomen are used for the patches. The gel is applied to
arms. Breasts are not used for application of transdermal estrogen.
For which patient situation will a provider select combination estrogen and progestin therapy
over estrogen only therapy for management of menopausal symptoms?
A) No history of a hysterectomy
B) Has osteoporosis
C) At risk for myocardial infarction
D) History of deep vein thrombosis –
Correct Answer :No history of a hysterectomy
In patients who still have a uterus, progestin is necessary to reduce risk of endometrial
carcinoma. Progestins do not have effects on bone density and do not decrease risk of MI of
DVT.
A patient with osteopenia asks about the benefits of hormone therapy in preventing
osteoporosis. Which statement by the provider is correct?
A) "Estrogen can help reverse bone loss."
B) "Hormone therapy increases bone resorption."
C) "Hormone therapy does not decrease fracture risk."
D) "When hormone therapy is discontinued, bone loss resumes." –
A+ TEST BANK 2
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Correct Answer :"When hormone therapy is discontinued, bone loss resumes."
Benefits of Hormone Therapy to prevent osteoporosis are not permanent; bone loss resumes
when HT is discontinued. HT does not reverse bone loss that has already occurred. HT reduces
bone resorption. HT can decrease fracture risk.
The patient who reports vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse is opposed to using lubricants
but is concerned about hormonal adverse effects. Which hormone formulation will the provider
choose to decrease systemic estrogen effects?
A) Medroxygesterone acetate
B) Transdermal estrogen
C) Low-dose estrogens
D) A vaginal conjugated estrogen –
Correct Answer :A vaginal conjugated estrogen
Estrogens for intravaginal administration are used for local effects, primarily to treat vulval and
vaginal atrophy, so there is a lower risk of systemic effects. Medroxygesterone is a progesterone
used for contraception and is not indicated for this condition. The other formulations will have
more systemic effect than the vaginal formulation.
A prescriber provides teachings to a patient about the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy (ET)
in the peri-menopausal period. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the
teaching?
A) "Estrogen therapy can provide protection against breast cancer."
A+ TEST BANK 3
, BAYLOR ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
B) "Estrogen therapy decreases the risk for thrombosis and stroke."
C) "Estrogen therapy increases the risk for osteoporosis."
D) "Estrogen therapy is the most effective drug for suppression of menopausal symptoms." –
Correct Answer :"Estrogen therapy is the most effective drug for suppression of menopausal
symptoms."
ET is the most effective means to suppress menopausal symptoms. It can prevent osteoporosis,
but it carries risks of breasts cancer and stroke.
A 50-year-old postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy has moderate to severe
vasomotor symptoms and is discussion estrogen therapy (ET) with the provider. When the
patient expresses concerns about adverse effects of ET, what information will the provider share
with her?
A) An estrogen-progesterone product will reduce side effects.
B) An intravaginal preparation may be best for her.
C) Side effects of ET are uncommon among women her age.
D) Transdermal preparations have fewer side effects. –
Correct Answer :Transdermal preparations have fewer side effects.
Transdermal preparations of estrogen have fewer adverse effects, use lower doses of estrogen,
and have less fluctuation of estrogen levels than do oral preparations. Progesterone is
contraindicated in women who have undergone hysterectomy. Intravaginal preparations are
most useful for treating local estrogen deficiency such as vaginal and vulvar atrophy but this
patient has severe vasomotor symptoms. Side effects of ET can be common regardless of age.
A+ TEST BANK 4
