TEAS ATI PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION 2021 NEW docs.

TEAS ATI PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION 2021 NEW docs. ⦁ Which of the following correctly lists the cellular hierarchy from the simplest to most complex structure? ⦁ Tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism ⦁ Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell ⦁ Organ system, organism, organ, tissue, cell ⦁ Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism ⦁ If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell? ⦁ It does not affect the cell ⦁ It will swill ⦁ It will stay the same ⦁ It will shrink ⦁ Hypertonic solution is a solution with a higher particle concentration and lower water content outside the cell. Water moves from the cell to the solution, losing water and shrinking. ⦁ What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? ⦁ Cytokinesis ⦁ Interphase ⦁ Metaphase ⦁ Mitosis ⦁ B = alleles for brown eyes; g = alleles for green eyes B g B Bg Bg g Bg gg What word describes the allele for green eyes? ⦁ Heterozygous ⦁ Dominant ⦁ Recessive ⦁ Homozygous ⦁ Recessive alleles are represented by lower case letters ⦁ What is the possibility that the offspring produces will have brown eyes? ⦁ 100% ⦁ 25% ⦁ 75% ⦁ 50% ⦁ What are groups of cells that perform the same function? ⦁ Molecules ⦁ Organs ⦁ Plastids ⦁ Tissues ⦁ When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular respiration? ⦁ Mitosis ⦁ Interphase ⦁ Meiosis ⦁ Cytokinesis ⦁ Nuclear division of somatic cells takes place during mitosis ⦁ Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? ⦁ Lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow ⦁ Nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm ⦁ Brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells ⦁ Heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries ⦁ The rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except ⦁ Surface area ⦁ Temperature ⦁ Presence of catalysts ⦁ Amount of mass lost ⦁ Which of the answer choices provided best defines the following statement? For a given mass and constant temperature, an inverse relationship exists between the volume and pressure of a gas? ⦁ Boyle’s Law ⦁ Ideal Gas Law ⦁ Charles’ Law ⦁ Stefan-Boltzmann Law ⦁ Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar in having which of the following? ⦁ Integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane ⦁ Presence of a nucleus ⦁ Membrane-bound organelles ⦁ Protein-studded DNA ⦁ What is the role of ribosomes? ⦁ Waste removal ⦁ Make proteins ⦁ Storage ⦁ Transport ⦁ Which of the following is an example of a tissue? ⦁ Mammal ⦁ Xylem ⦁ Liver ⦁ Hamstring ⦁ The adrenal glands are part of the ⦁ Emphatic system ⦁ Respiratory system ⦁ Endocrine system ⦁ Immune system ⦁ Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding? ⦁ Transitory electrons ⦁ Electrical charges ⦁ Neutrons ⦁ Valence electrons ⦁ Blood is prevented from changing direction in the veins by ⦁ Pressure generated from the heart ⦁ Valves ⦁ Vacuum generated from the heart ⦁ Squeezing at the vein by nearby skeletal muscle ⦁ The liquid part of the blood is called ⦁ Plasma ⦁ Blood fluid ⦁ Serous fluid ⦁ Serum ⦁ Which of the following is true regarding the periodic table? ⦁ Groups have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties ⦁ Periods are vertical columns ⦁ Atomic radius increases as you go from left to right ⦁ Alkali metals are frequently found by themselves in nature ⦁ Blood cells that are responsible for transportation of oxygen are called ⦁ Leukocytes ⦁ Thrombocytes ⦁ Erythrocytes ⦁ Plasma cells ⦁ What is another name for the Adam’s Apple? ⦁ Vocal box ⦁ Thyroid cartilage ⦁ Cricoid cartilage ⦁ Hyoid bone ⦁ When exhaling, the diaphragm ⦁ Relaxes ⦁ Contracts ⦁ Moves down and in ⦁ Stays in the same position ⦁ A double bond between two atoms, for example the double bond between oxygen in O2 has how many electrons? ⦁ 2 ⦁ 4 ⦁ 6 ⦁ 8 ⦁ What is the anterior bone of the lower leg? ⦁ Ulna ⦁ Fibula ⦁ Tibia ⦁ Radius ⦁ Assuming every variable unmentioned in the Ideal Gas Law remains constant, which is true? ⦁ As the temperature increases, the pressure of a gas must decrease ⦁ As the number of molecules in a gas increases, the temperature must increase ⦁ As volume increases, the number of molecules must increase ⦁ As pressure increases, volume must increase ⦁ The humerus and ulna form the ⦁ Shoulder joint ⦁ Elbow joint ⦁ Wrist joint ⦁ Knee joint ⦁ The patella is also called the ⦁ Breastbone ⦁ Kneecap ⦁ Finger bone ⦁ Funny bone ⦁ The bone that is stationary during movement is called the ⦁ Insertion ⦁ Agonist ⦁ Origin ⦁ Antagonist ⦁ Which of the following is the process that produces a liquid fro a gas? ⦁ Vaporization ⦁ Condensation ⦁ Sublimation ⦁ Denitrification ⦁ What is the primary function of the quadriceps muscle? ⦁ Extend the knee joint ⦁ Flex the knee joint ⦁ Extend the hip joint ⦁ Flew the hip joint ⦁ Which part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions? ⦁ The pons ⦁ The cerebral cortex ⦁ The cerebellar cortex ⦁ Medulla ⦁ How many thoracic spinal nerves are there in the human body? ⦁ 8 ⦁ 9 ⦁ 12 ⦁ 14 ⦁ Which of the following is not a specialized sense? ⦁ Touch ⦁ Balance ⦁ Sight ⦁ Hearing ⦁ In which region of the small intestine are most of the nutrients absorbed? ⦁ The jejunum ⦁ The ileum ⦁ The duodenum ⦁ The colon ⦁ Which type of nutrient is broken down by trypsin? ⦁ Protein ⦁ Fat ⦁ Sugar ⦁ Carbohydrates ⦁ Chemical bonding – ⦁ Uses electrons that are closest to the nucleus of the atoms bonding ⦁ Always uses electrons from only of the atoms involved ⦁ Uses all the electrons in all atoms involved ⦁ Uses the valence electrons of all the atoms involved ⦁ Which of the following would have the most dramatic effect in changing the reaction rate? ⦁ Decreasing the temperature by two-fold ⦁ Increasing the pressure by two-fold ⦁ Decreasing the activation energy by three-fold ⦁ Decreasing the concentration of reactants by two-fold ⦁ Group one in the periodic table has _____ valence electrons and is _____ reactive than Group two. ⦁ Zero; more ⦁ Zero; less ⦁ One; less ⦁ One; more ⦁ Enzymes are created from amino acid chains. As such, what might prevent the action of an enzyme? ⦁ A pH close to 7 ⦁ A high temperature ⦁ The lack of hydrogen ions in solution ⦁ A lack of ATP in the cell ⦁ If a scientists want to determine the rate at which an enzyme works, what could he or she measure? ⦁ The rate at which the enzyme is degraded ⦁ The rate at which the product disappears ⦁ The rate at which the reactants disappear ⦁ The rate at which the products appears ⦁ According to the graph below, which is the most effective enzyme? ⦁ A ⦁ B ⦁ C ⦁ D ⦁ What is true of elements found in the same group (column) in the Periodic Table? ⦁ They have the same atomic mass ⦁ They have the same level of reactivity ⦁ They have the same number of protons ⦁ They have the same number of valence electrons ⦁ Compounds that are acidic will be able to lower the pH of a solution by doing which of the following? ⦁ Accepting H+ ions ⦁ Releasing H+ ions ⦁ Binding with acidic species in solution ⦁ Reducing oxidation species in solution ⦁ Which of the following elements is the most electronegative? ⦁ Chlorine ⦁ Iron ⦁ Magnesium ⦁ Silicon ⦁ According to Newton’s first law, how fast will a 10-kilogram object accelerate when pushed with 50 Newtons of force? ⦁ 2.5 m/s2 ⦁ 5.0 m/s2 ⦁ 8.0 m/s2 ⦁ 15.0 m/s2 ⦁ Upon touching a chair cushion and then a metal plate, John notices that the metal plate feels much colder than the cushion, although the surrounding air temperature is the same. What is an explanation for this? ⦁ The chair cushion has a higher heat capacity than the metal plate ⦁ The metal plate has a higher heat transfer rate than the chair cushion ⦁ The metal plate is able to absorb more heat from the air than the cushion ⦁ The chair cushion produces some internal heat ⦁ If a pitcher throws a baseball into the air, and notices that it takes 5 seconds to reach its peak, how long will the baseball need to fall back to the ground? Neglect air resistance. ⦁ 2.5 seconds ⦁ 9.8 seconds ⦁ 5.0 seconds ⦁ 10.0 seconds ⦁ Which of the following is true regarding DNA in the human body? ⦁ DNA is used as an energy source ⦁ DNA is used as a template for creation of proteins ⦁ Each sperm has forty-six chromosomes ⦁ DNA is made of amino acids ⦁ How many kingdoms of life are there? ⦁ 3 ⦁ 6 ⦁ 7 ⦁ 9 ⦁ Alleles for brown eyes (B) are dominant over alleles for blue eyes (b). Assume both parent have brown eyes, but have one allele each of both B and b. What is the percent chance that their offspring have brown eyes? ⦁ 100 ⦁ 75 ⦁ 66 ⦁ 50 ⦁ Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) to create sugar for energy. What is the primary byproduct of this process? ⦁ Oxygen ⦁ Nitrogen ⦁ Carbon monoxide ⦁ Carbon ⦁ What prevents ultraviolet radiation produced by the sun from damaging life on earth? ⦁ Ozone layer ⦁ Greenhouse gases ⦁ The vacuum between earth and sun ⦁ The water layer ⦁ Which of the following is not present in an animal cell? ⦁ Nucleus ⦁ Mitochondria ⦁ Cytoplasm ⦁ Cell wall ⦁ Mitosis is the process of cell division to create new cells. What is the process of cell division required to create new sex cells, or gametes? ⦁ Telosis ⦁ Meiosis ⦁ Kinesis ⦁ Phoresis ⦁ What are the two main parts of the human body’s central nervous system? ⦁ The heart and spinal cord ⦁ The brain and spinal cord ⦁ The peripheral nerves and the brain ⦁ The spinal cord and the peripheral nerves ⦁ Which of the following is not an organ system in humans? ⦁ Endocrine system ⦁ Respiratory system ⦁ Vascular system ⦁ Muscular system ⦁ Humans can turn glucose into ATP, the basic energy molecule in the body. What is a byproduct of this process? ⦁ Carbon dioxide ⦁ Oxygen ⦁ Nitrogen ⦁ Phosphorus ⦁ Which of the following does NOT correctly match the part of the cell and its primary function? ⦁ Mitochondria: production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation ⦁ Nucleus: DNA replication and transcription ⦁ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: translation of mRNA into proteins ⦁ Golgi apparatus: packaging and transportation of proteins within and in/out of cells ⦁ What is the primary difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall? ⦁ A cell membrane is flexible and a cell wall is rigid ⦁ A cell membrane is not found in plants whereas a cell wall is ⦁ A cell membrane is not found in animals, whereas a cell wall is ⦁ A cell membrane is composed of protein, whereas a cell wall is composed of sugar ⦁ What skill is a scientist using when he or she observes the ways in which different mammals climb trees? ⦁ Drawing conclusions ⦁ Interpreting data ⦁ Making observations ⦁ Making a hypothesis ⦁ When conducting an experiment, the factor that is being measured is called what? ⦁ Independent variable ⦁ Dependent variable ⦁ Conclusion ⦁ Controlled variable ⦁ Dependent variable = variable being measured ⦁ Which of the following questions is the best high-level scientific question? ⦁ Who is credited with inventing the electromagnet? ⦁ How many penguins live in Antarctica? ⦁ Is the boiling or freezing point of water affected by how much salt is in it? ⦁ When did dinosaurs become extinct? ⦁ What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method? ⦁ Ask a question, analyze results, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions, communicate results ⦁ Make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, ask a question, draw conclusions, communicate results ⦁ Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results ⦁ Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze results, communicate results ⦁ When determining the mass of an ant, you should use – ⦁ Meters ⦁ Grams ⦁ Liters ⦁ Kilograms ⦁ Which of the following cellular processes does not use ATP? ⦁ Facilitated diffusion ⦁ DNA replication ⦁ Active transport through the cell membrane ⦁ Movement of the mot complex in a flagellum ⦁ Hemophilia is a hereditary genetic disorder that prevents blood from clotting correctly. The allele for hemophilia is recessive and carried on the X chromosome. A couple has two sons, one who has hemophilia and one who does not. What can be said about the genotype of the couple? ⦁ The mother is an asymptomatic carrier of the disorder ⦁ The father is an asymptomatic carrier of the disorder ⦁ The mother does not carry the gene for the disorder ⦁ The father does not carry the gene for the disorder ⦁ Which of the following would most likely decrease the efficiency of the C3 pathway but not of the C4 pathway? ⦁ An increase in available sunlight ⦁ An increase in atmospheric oxygen ⦁ An increase in temperature ⦁ An increase in available water ⦁ Over a period of several hundred years, a glacier melts and is transformed into a lake populated by many species of birds, algae, and other aquatic organisms. Later, the lake slowly dries up and becomes a valley, where grasses and shrubs predominantly grow. This passage describes which of the following ecological processes? ⦁ Convergence ⦁ Succession ⦁ Adaption ⦁ Evolution ⦁ A scientist discovers a new species of snail that lives in the ocean. He tested the ability of this species to handle heat by measuring its growth rate as he increased the temperature of the water. He also tested two different concentrations of salt to determine which type of marine environment the snail would be best suited for. In the experiment described above, what is the dependent variable? ⦁ Salt concentration ⦁ Temperature ⦁ Growth rate ⦁ Number of snails ⦁ When measuring blood pressure, the numbers represent: ⦁ The systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively ⦁ The diastolic and systolic pressures, respectively ⦁ The pressure in the arteries and the veins, respectively ⦁ The pressure in the veins and arteries respectively ⦁ The Superior vena cava – ⦁ Ascends from the right atrium ⦁ Ascends from the left atrium ⦁ Descends from the right atrium ⦁ Ascends from the left ventricle ⦁ A scientist has isolated Fe (III), a variant of iron that has a charge of 3+. Which of the following compounds could be created from this element? ⦁ FeO ⦁ FeCl ⦁ FeCa2 ⦁ Fe2O3 ⦁ What is the VSEPR structure of a PO4 (phosphate) molecule? ⦁ Tetrahedral ⦁ Octahedral ⦁ Linear ⦁ Trigonal bi-planar ⦁ The rectum is a part of – ⦁ The anus ⦁ The large intestine ⦁ The small intestine ⦁ The genitourinary system ⦁ Where does digestion start? ⦁ The stomach ⦁ The small intestine ⦁ The mouth ⦁ The esophagus ⦁ The large intestine’s primary function is to – ⦁ Absorb water ⦁ Digest food ⦁ Move the food from the esophagus to the small intestine ⦁ Absorb nutrients ⦁ What type of reaction is the following? CaCl2 + 2NaOH - Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl ⦁ Single replacement ⦁ Double replacement ⦁ Synthesis ⦁ Acid-base ⦁ What are the products of the following reaction? NaOH + HCl - ⦁ Dihydrogen monoxide and sodium chloride ⦁ Sodium hydride and chlorohydroxide ⦁ Hydrochloride and sodium monohydroxide ⦁ Sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide ⦁ In the following chemical reaction, what is the correct stoichiometric coefficient for silicon dioxide? 4Si + 2O2 - Si + SiO2 ⦁ 1 ⦁ 2 ⦁ 3 ⦁ 4 ⦁ When you notice that a chemical reaction equation is not balanced, which of the following can be performed to balance the equation? ⦁ Change the formula of the products ⦁ Change the subscripts of the molecular formulas ⦁ Change the coefficients of the reactants or products ⦁ Change the reaction type ⦁ A scientist places mercury oxide (HgO) into a sealed chamber and heats it to 400C, causing a reaction to occur. When she opens the chamber, she notices liquid mercury has formed as well as oxygen gas. This reaction is an – ⦁ Endothermic synthesis reaction ⦁ Exothermic combustion reaction ⦁ Endothermic decomposition reaction ⦁ Exothermic replacement reaction ⦁ What is the name of the process that happens in the red bone marrow? ⦁ Hematopoiesis ⦁ Bone fusing ⦁ Calcification ⦁ Meiosis ⦁ The vertebral column protects the – ⦁ Brain ⦁ Heart ⦁ Spinal column ⦁ Peripheral nerves ⦁ Which unit of measurement is NOT used in the International System of Units? ⦁ Centimeters ⦁ Milliliters ⦁ Grams ⦁ Inches ⦁ A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reason is a/an – ⦁ Theory ⦁ Conclusion ⦁ Inference ⦁ Hypothesis ⦁ Plants are autotrophs, meaning that they – ⦁ Consume organic material produced by animals ⦁ Produce their own food ⦁ Are able to move by themselves ⦁ Can automatically transform from a seed into a plant ⦁ Which of the following is not true of a virus ⦁ Viruses have DNA or RNA ⦁ Viruses do not have a nucleus ⦁ Viruses cannot survive without water ⦁ Viruses can be infectious ⦁ In the digestive system, the majority of nutrients are absorbed in the – ⦁ Esophagus ⦁ Stomach ⦁ Small intestine ⦁ Large intestine ⦁ How many pairs of human chromosomes exist? ⦁ 17 ⦁ 22 ⦁ 23 ⦁ 46 ⦁ Animals engaging in a symbiotic relationship will do which of the following? ⦁ Help each other survive ⦁ Take one another’s food ⦁ Attack one another ⦁ Eat each other ⦁ What are motor units made of? ⦁ Motor neurons ⦁ Muscle cells ⦁ Tendons ⦁ Bones ⦁ What is the name of a state of constant muscle contraction caused by rapid successive nerve signals? ⦁ Tetanus ⦁ Muscle tone ⦁ Temporal summation ⦁ Hypotony ⦁ Which of the following can be found in abundance in a fatigued muscle? ⦁ Glucose ⦁ Lactic acid ⦁ ATP ⦁ HCO3- ⦁ Which of the following produces a gas from a solid? ⦁ Melting ⦁ Plasmification ⦁ Condensation ⦁ Sublimation ⦁ A student isolates a substance, and succeeds in purifying it. She then puts it into the lab refrigerator, at 4C. When she comes back the next day, she notices that it has solidified! Which of the following should be true about the substance? ⦁ It has a melting point below 4C ⦁ It has a boiling point less than that of water ⦁ It has a freezing point higher than that of water ⦁ It has a vaporization point at around 90C ⦁ The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/gram X C. How much energy is needed to heat 2 kg of water from 20C to its boiling point? ⦁ 80 calories ⦁ 160 calories ⦁ 200 kilocalories ⦁ 160 kilocalories ⦁ In science, an educated guess is called a/an ⦁ Observation ⦁ Question ⦁ Conclusion ⦁ Hypothesis ⦁ In an experiment, what do you call the variable that is changed? ⦁ Controlled variable ⦁ Dependent variable ⦁ Independent variable ⦁ Experimental variable ⦁ What organ system contains your skin? ⦁ The respiratory system ⦁ The epithelial system ⦁ The lymphatic system ⦁ The integumentary system ⦁ If a gene is expressed, then that means that: ⦁ It is influencing a phenotype trait ⦁ It is being copied into another set of DNA ⦁ It will be passed on from mother to son ⦁ The gene will produce some hormones ⦁ Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes? ⦁ Cell wall ⦁ Flagella ⦁ Nuclear membrane ⦁ Ribosomes ⦁ Which of the following is NOT a kind of genetic mutation? ⦁ Missense mutation ⦁ Nonsense mutation ⦁ Frameshift mutation ⦁ Uncover mutation ⦁ Which of the following does NOT correctly match the endocrine system organ with its function? ⦁ Hypothalamus: regulation of pituitary gland ⦁ Pancreas: control of blood sugar through production of insulin and glucagon ⦁ Testes: testosterone and estradiol ⦁ Pituitary: production and regulation of cortisol, adrenaline, and melatonin ⦁ Which part of the PNS is accountable for the fight or flight reaction? ⦁ The parasympathetic ⦁ The sympathetic ⦁ The ENS ⦁ Afferent nerves ⦁ People who suffer from Type 1 diabetes are lacking function in which organ? ⦁ Liver ⦁ Pancreas ⦁ Stomach ⦁ Heart ⦁ One of the primary differences between fungi and plants is that: ⦁ Fungi can produce their own food and plants cannot ⦁ Plants have chlorophyll and fungi do not ⦁ Fungi are able to grow without water and plants cannot ⦁ Fungi and plants have no major differences ⦁ Which is TRUE – ⦁ Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium ⦁ Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle ⦁ Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium ⦁ Deoxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle ⦁ In our atmosphere, nitrogen is the most common element, and makes up approximately what percentage? ⦁ 25% ⦁ 51% ⦁ 65% ⦁ 78% ⦁ Why is it ill advised for patients to have surgery while on aspirin? ⦁ It increases the likelihood of bleeding due to weakening of small vessels ⦁ It decreases respiratory rate ⦁ It increases bleeding time by interfering with normal platelet function ⦁ It causes increased clotting which can lead to increased bleeding and stroke ⦁ Which of the following is correct regarding an aqueous substance? ⦁ It is soluble in water ⦁ It is very reactive ⦁ It is soluble in hydrocarbon ⦁ It is able to dissolve most other compounds ⦁ In order for work to be performed, a force has to be – ⦁ Applied to an object ⦁ Applied to a surface ⦁ Applied to a moving object ⦁ Applied over a distance to an object ⦁ According to electron theory, what is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can have? ⦁ 2 ⦁ 3 ⦁ 4 ⦁ 5 ⦁ If a rowboat weighs 50 kilograms, how much water needs to be displaced in order for the boat to float? ⦁ 25 liters ⦁ 50 liters ⦁ 100 liters ⦁ 500 liters ⦁ Where are the cilia found? ⦁ Smaller bronchioles ⦁ In the alveoli ⦁ In the trachea ⦁ Sperm ⦁ The tidal volume is the amount of air moved during – ⦁ Deep breathing ⦁ Shallow breathing ⦁ Coughing ⦁ None of the above ⦁ A ball with a mass of 0.5 kg is moving at 10 m/s. How much kinetic energy does it have? ⦁ 15 joules ⦁ 25 joules ⦁ 50 joules ⦁ 55.5 joules ⦁ The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is – ⦁ -460C ⦁ -273K ⦁ 0K ⦁ 0C ⦁ A particular species of ladybug feeds exclusively on red flowers. During this process, the ladybugs pollinate the flowers and also mate. Over time, a mutation appears in the plant population that result in yellow flowers. Some of the ladybugs start to pollinate and mate on the yellow flowers. Eventually, the ladybugs that feed on red flowers and those that feed on yellow flowers can no longer mate with one another. What is the most likely explanation for this occurrence? ⦁ Allopatric speciation driven by geographic isolation ⦁ Sympatric speciation driven by behavioral isolation ⦁ Allopatric speciation driven by natural selection ⦁ Sympatric speciation driven by habitat differentiation ⦁ In a certain species of rose, color is determined by a single allele. The dominant allele, R, produces red flowers, and the recessive allele, r, produces white flowers. A scientist crosses a red rose with another red rose to produce the F1 generation of offspring. He then randomly selects two of the F1 generation and crosses them, resulting in the F2 generation. All of the F1 generation had red flowers. The F2 generation consisted of 75% red roses and 25% white roses. What were the genotypes of the two roses in the parent generation? ⦁ RR and rr ⦁ Rr and Rr ⦁ RR and Rr ⦁ There is not information to determine the genotype ⦁ In humans, which organ is not part of the endocrine system? ⦁ The stomach ⦁ The pancreas ⦁ The hypothalamus ⦁ The pineal gland ⦁ A scientist believes that a particular species of algae, S. sponferus, is able to grow even when living deep underwater. However, he hypothesizes that this species may grow more slowly than algae in other environments due to the lack of sunlight at this depth. Which of the following findings would not support the scientist’s hypothesis? ⦁ Many other species of algae are able to live at depths of 1000 meters under the surface of the water ⦁ Laboratory experiments show that S. sponferus grows equally well under a wide range of light conditions ⦁ S. sponferus is found growing in abundance on the ocean’s surface ⦁ Some species of algae are discovered that do not need much light to grow ⦁ A man is on an airplane with a cabin pressure of 0.95 atm and a temperature of 22C. He empties a flexible 0.5L bottle and puts the cap back on. When he disembarks at the airport, where the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 24C, what will happen to the volume of his empty bottle? ⦁ It will increase ⦁ It will decrease ⦁ It will remain the same ⦁ There is not enough information to determine what will happen ⦁ Which vitamin is synthesized within the human body? Vitamin E Vitamin A ⦁ Vitamin D ⦁ Vitamin C ⦁ Trypsinogen, an enzyme secreted by the pancreas, is activated into trypsin in the duodenum by which enzyme? ⦁ Pepsin ⦁ Protease ⦁ Hydrochloric acid ⦁ Enterokinase ⦁ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is responsible for maturation of follicles in the ovary, is produced by which gland in the body? ⦁ Posterior lobe of pituitary gland ⦁ Corpus luteum ⦁ Anterior lobe of pituitary gland ⦁ Ovary ⦁ In a chemical reaction: sulfuric acid + substance X = salt + water + carbon dioxide. What could substance X be? ⦁ Sodium carbonate ⦁ Magnesium hydroxide ⦁ Copper (II) oxide ⦁ Potassium ⦁ A ball is tired to a pole with a rope and is moving in a circle with constant speed. Which of these statements about the ball is true? ⦁ Force is acting away from the center of circle ⦁ Force is acting at a tangent to the circle ⦁ There is no acceleration ⦁ There is force acting toward the center of circle ⦁ Which of these make up a molecule of fat? ⦁ Three molecules of fatty acid and one molecule of glycerol ⦁ One carbon, one hydrogen, and one oxygen molecule ⦁ Three molecules of glycerol and one molecule of fatty acid ⦁ One glycerol molecule and three stearic acid molecules ⦁ Enzymes are ___ that work best at ___ pH or temperature. ⦁ Inorganic catalysts, maximum ⦁ Biological catalysts, optimum ⦁ Chemical substance, moderate ⦁ Organic catalysts, minimum ⦁ Which of these statements regarding the process of fermentation is true? ⦁ It is an example of an aerobic process where yeast acts on a sugar solution to produce oxygen and alcohol. ⦁ It is an example of an anaerobic process where yeast acts on a sugar solution to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. ⦁ It is an example of tissue respiration where yeast acts on carbohydrates to produce oxygen and alcohol. ⦁ It is an example of an anaerobic process where bacteria act on a protein solution to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. ⦁ Which of these statements regarding the “oxygen debt” created during heavy exercise is true? ⦁ Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of carbon dioxide to be oxidized. ⦁ Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the liver, which needs a high level of oxygen to be stored. ⦁ Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of oxygen to be oxidized. ⦁ Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of acetic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of oxygen to be oxidized. ⦁ Which of these statements regarding facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane is true? ⦁ It is a kind of passive transport (i.e., does not use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that does not require transmembrane/carrier proteins. ⦁ It is a kind of active transport (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) that requires protein pumps. ⦁ It is a kind of active transport (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) that requires transmembrane/carrier proteins. ⦁ It is a kind of passive transport (i.e., does not use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that requires transmembrane/carrier proteins. ⦁ Phalanges are bones present in which parts of the body? ⦁ Cranium/skull ⦁ Fingers only ⦁ Ears ⦁ Fingers and toes ⦁ Which statement regarding ball and socket joints is true? ⦁ Ball and socket joints are multi-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing movement in multiple axes and planes. ⦁ Ball and socket joints are uni-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing rotation around a central axis. ⦁ Ball and socket joints are bi-axial joints, which are mobile, allowing movement in two planes ⦁ Ball and socket joints are uni-axial joints, which are mobile, allowing movement in a single axis and plane. ⦁ Ball and socket joints, pivot joints, plane joints, and hinge joints are which types of joints? ⦁ Ball and socket and pivot joints are synovial joints. Plane and hinge joints are cartilaginous joints ⦁ All of them are synovial joints. ⦁ Ball and socket joints are synovial joints. The rest are fibrous joints. ⦁ All of them are cartilaginous joints. ⦁ Cardiac muscles exhibit which of these features? ⦁ Unstriated, involuntary, intercalated discs present ⦁ Striated, involuntary, intercalated discs not present ⦁ Striated, voluntary, intercalated discs present ⦁ Striated, involuntary, intercalated discs present ⦁ Fill in the blank: The hepatic portal vein carries ___, ___ blood from the ___ to the ___. ⦁ Deoxygenated, nutrient-poor, liver, intestines ⦁ Deoxygenated, nutrient-rich, liver, stomach ⦁ Oxygenated, nutrient-rich, intestines, liver ⦁ Deoxygenated, nutrient-rich, intestines, liver ⦁ On each side of the body, the brachiocephalic veins are formed by the union of which two veins? ⦁ External jugular and internal jugular veins ⦁ External jugular veins and subclavian veins ⦁ Common carotid and subclavian veins ⦁ Internal jugular veins and subclavian veins ⦁ Large lymphatic trunks unite to form which two main vessels of the lymphatic system? ⦁ Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct ⦁ Left lymphatic duct and thoracic duct ⦁ Right lymphatic duct and left subclavian vein ⦁ Thoracic duct and superior vena cava ⦁ Which of these is not a lymphoid organ? (Organs that produce lymphocytes) ⦁ Thymus ⦁ Liver ⦁ Spleen ⦁ Tonsils ⦁ Which of these is not a part of the central nervous system? ⦁ Cranial nerves ⦁ Spinal cord ⦁ Brain ⦁ Tract (bundle of nerve fibers/axons) ⦁ Which structure is not considered a part of the rib cage? ⦁ Sternum ⦁ Costal cartilage ⦁ Thoracic vertebrae ⦁ Lumbar vertebrae ⦁ Which of these is known as the pacemaker of the heart? ⦁ AV node ⦁ Cardiac plexus (nerve fibers) ⦁ SA node ⦁ Muscle fibers of the atria ⦁ Which valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle? ⦁ Pulmonary valve ⦁ Aortic valve ⦁ Mitral valve ⦁ Tricuspid valve ⦁ Which layer of the skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerves? ⦁ Dermis (middle layer) ⦁ Epidermis (top layer) ⦁ Basal layer ⦁ Subcutaneous layer ⦁ Which element is essential for the normal production of the hormone thyroxine? ⦁ Magnesium ⦁ Phosphorus ⦁ Calcium and Vitamin D ⦁ Iodine ⦁ Vitamin A, also known as ___, is a ___ vitamin. Its deficiency can lead to ___. ⦁ Retinol, fat-soluble, night blindness ⦁ Calciferol, fat-soluble, osteoporosis ⦁ Ascorbic acid, water-soluble, night blindness ⦁ Retinol, water-soluble, osteoporosis ⦁ Which of these is an example of protein-related malnutrition? ⦁ Scurvy – Vitamin C deficiency ⦁ Anemia – Iron deficiency ⦁ Rickets – Vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus deficiency ⦁ Kwashiorkor – protein deficiency ⦁ Food moves in the gastrointestinal tract by which of these processes? ⦁ Peristalsis of the voluntary muscles ⦁ Peristalsis of the longitudinal muscles only ⦁ Peristalsis of the circular and longitudinal muscles ⦁ Voluntary waves of contraction ⦁ What is the function of amylase in the body? ⦁ It breaks down starch into simpler sugars. ⦁ It breaks down fat into fatty acids. ⦁ It breaks down proteins into amino acids. ⦁ It breaks down fat into glycerol. ⦁ Which of these statements regarding the gastrointestinal tract is false? ⦁ Villi contain lacteals for the absorption of fats. ⦁ The large intestine secretes no enzymes. ⦁ Villi present in the large intestine absorb water and mineral salts. ⦁ The ileum absorbs B12 and bile salts. ⦁ What is the life span and breakdown product of red blood cells? ⦁ 6 months, ammonia ⦁ 2 months, biliverdin ⦁ 4 months, bilirubin ⦁ 1 year oxyhemoglobulin ⦁ Maturation and development of T cells takes place in which region? ⦁ Bone marrow (production) ⦁ Thymus gland ⦁ Lymph nodes ⦁ Spleen ⦁ Which of these statements is false regarding blood cells? ⦁ Mature red blood cells are oval, bi-concave discs with a lifespan of 120 days. ⦁ Mature red blood cells are bi-concave discs that have a central nucleus and long life span. ⦁ White blood cells are larger and less abundant than red blood cells. ⦁ Phagocytes and lymphocytes are the most numerous types of white blood cells. ⦁ During inhalation, what changes occur in the diaphragm? ⦁ The diaphragm muscles contract or tighten and move upward. ⦁ The diaphragm muscles relax, making it dome-shaped. The diaphragm muscles contract or tighten and the diaphragm moves downward. ⦁ The abdominal muscles contract, making the diaphragm move upward. Diaphragm moves down and contracts during inhalation due to thoracic volume increasing and pressure decreasing. Air moves in due to low thoracic pressure in the lungs Diaphragm moves up and relaxes during exhalation due to thoracic volume decreasing and pressure increasing. Air moves out due to high thoracic pressure in the lungs. ⦁ The volume of air that remains present in the lungs, even after forceful expiration/exhalation, is called ___ and is about ___ liters. ⦁ Residual volume, 0.5 liters ⦁ Tidal volume, 2.4 liters ⦁ Vital volume, 2 liters ⦁ Residual volume, 1.2 liters ⦁ Which pyrimidine base is only found in RNA? ⦁ Uracil (Thymine in DNA) ⦁ Cytosine ⦁ Adenine ⦁ Guanine ⦁ Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder. Knowing this information, what are the chances that a child will not have the recessive allele if both of his parents are carriers? ⦁ 25% ⦁ 100% ⦁ 0% ⦁ 50% ⦁ If someone is lying belly down, their positioning is said to be what? ⦁ Prone (belly-down) ⦁ Supine (face up) ⦁ Posterior (refers to the back of something) ⦁ Lateral (lying on your side) ⦁ Which of these statements is true for boiling, but not true for evaporation? ⦁ It takes place at a specific temperature. The warmer the liquid is, the faster the process. The larger the surface area of liquid, the faster the process. Gas forms at the surface of the liquid. ⦁ How does an impurity affect the melting point and boiling point of a substance? ⦁ Impurity raises the boiling point and raises the melting point. Impurity lowers the boiling point and raises the melting point. ⦁ Impurity raises the boiling point and lowers the melting point. ⦁ Impurity lowers the boiling point and lowers the melting point. ⦁ Which of these statements regarding isotopes is not true? ⦁ Radio-isotopes are isotopes with unstable nuclei that emit radiations. ⦁ Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. ⦁ Isotopes of an element have the same chemical and physical properties. (differ in physical properties, such as density) ⦁ Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons in each atom, but a different number of neutrons in their nucleus. ⦁ Which of these patterns of the periodic table is not correct? ⦁ In non-metallic groups, reactivity decreases down a group. ⦁ Densities and melting points increase down any group. ⦁ Atomic size increases down a group and across a period (from left to right). (atomic size/radius does increase down a group, but decreases across a period ) ⦁ In metallic groups, reactivity increases down a group. ⦁ Simple covalent compounds show which of the following properties? ⦁ They are crystalline solids at room temperature. ⦁ They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water. ⦁ They are soluble in organic solvents e.g. ethanol. ⦁ They have high melting and boiling points. ⦁ The law of conservation of mass states that ___. ⦁ The total mass of all products of a chemical reaction is more than the total mass of all the reactants. ⦁ The total mass of all products of a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of all the reactants. ⦁ The total mass of all products of a chemical reaction is independent of the total mass of all the reactants. They are not related. ⦁ The total mass of all products of a chemical reaction is less than the total mass of all the reactants, because some mass coverts to energy during reaction. ⦁ What happens when a piece of zinc is placed in a copper (II) sulphate solution? ⦁ Zinc displaces copper (II) sulphate solution. The original blue color of the solution persists ⦁ Sulphur dioxide is liberated ⦁ No reaction occurs because zinc is less reactive metal than copper ⦁ Zinc displaces copper from copper (II) sulphate Zinc is a more reactive metal than copper. It displaces copper from its solution and red-brown deposit of copper forms on the zinc. The original blue color of the solution fades. ⦁ Which of these statements is correct? ⦁ A reducing agent removes oxygen from, or removes electrons to, another substance. ⦁ A reducing reagent either adds oxygen to, or removes electrons from, another substance. ⦁ An oxidizing agent removes oxygen or electrons from other substances. ⦁ An oxidizing agent either adds oxygen to, or removes electrons from, other substances. ⦁ What causes a moving body to resist a change in its state of motion? ⦁ Inertia ⦁ Momentum ⦁ Speed ⦁ Acceleration ⦁ A change in the gravitational field affects which property of a body? ⦁ Temperature ⦁ Weight (weight = m*g) ⦁ Volume ⦁ Mass ⦁ Which of these groups of physical quantities consists only of scalars? ⦁ Mass, velocity, acceleration ⦁ Speed, weight, acceleration ⦁ Time, velocity, force ⦁ Mass, speed, time Scalar quantities have magnitude but no direction. Vector quantities have magnitude and direction. Time, speed, and mass are scalar, whereas force, acceleration, and velocity are vector. ⦁ A body mass 30 kg is traveling in space at a speed of 10 m/s. Given that the formula for kinetic energy is KE = 0.5 * m * v^2, and m is mass, v is speed of an object, what is the KE? ⦁ 120 J ⦁ 1500 J ⦁ 4600 J ⦁ 100 J ⦁ A man of mass 60 kg, runs up the stairs of total height 5 meters in 4 seconds. How much power does the man exert? ⦁ 750 W ⦁ 250 W ⦁ 1000 W ⦁ 800 W weight = mass * gravity - w=60*10 = 600N power = work/time - p= (600*5)/4 = 750N ⦁ Which of these represents the correct order of some of the main energy changes that take place in a coal-fired power station? ⦁ Kinetic, heat, electrical, chemical ⦁ Chemical, heat, kinetic, electrical ⦁ Chemical, electrical, heat, kinetic ⦁ Heat, chemical, kinetic, electrical the chemical energy stored in coal is converted to the heat energy of water, which then converts to the kinetic energy of steam, which goes on to convert to electrical energy ⦁ A large amount of energy is produced in the center of the sun by which phenomenon? ⦁ Chemical reaction ⦁ Nuclear fission ⦁ Radioactive decay ⦁ Nuclear fusion ⦁ Balance the following chemical equation by filling in the coefficients that should go in the blanks: __Na + __H20 - __NaOH + H2 ⦁ 2Na + H20 - 3NaOH + H2 ⦁ 2Na + 2H20 - 4NaOH + H2 ⦁ 2Na + 2H20 - 2NaOH + H2 ⦁ 3Na + 2H20 - 3NaOh + H2 ⦁ Which of these organs is made up of epithelial tissue? ⦁ Skin ⦁ Brain ⦁ Heart ⦁ Liver ⦁ The diagram shows four varieties of one type of tissue. Name the type of tissue and four varieties ⦁ Connective; adipose, cardiac, transitional, bone ⦁ Connective; adipose, blood, areolar, bone ⦁ Epithelial; transitional, stratified, columnar, cuboidal ⦁ Nervous, grey matter, white matter, dendritic, ganglion