MEDICAL SURGICAL (POST TEST 1)
Questions and Correct Answers 2026
SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
1. After an anterior wall myocardial infarction, which of the following problems is indicated by
auscultation of crackles in the lungs?
A. Left-sided heart failure
B. Pulmonic valve malfunction
C.Right-sided heart failure
d. Tricupsid valve malfunction - <CORRECT ANSWER >>A. Left-sided heart failure
SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
2. What is the FIRST intervention for a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
a. Administer morphine
b. Administer oxygen
c. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
d. Obtain an ECG - <CORRECT ANSWER >>b. Administer oxygen
,SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
3. Which of the following conditions is the predominant cause of angina?
a. Increased preload
b. Decreased afterload
c. Coronary artery spasm
d. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. Inadequate oxygen
supply to the myocardium
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
4. Which of the following interventions should be the first priority when treating a patient
experiencing chest pain while walking?
a. Sit the patient down
b. Get the patient back to bed
c. Obtain an ECG
d. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a. Sit the patient down
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
5. A patient admitted with angina complains of severe chest pain & suddenly becomes
unresponsive. After establishing unresponsiveness, which of the following actions should the
nurse take first?
,a. Activate the resuscitation team
b. Open the patient's airway
c. Check for breathing
d. Check for signs of circulation - <CORRECT ANSWER >>c. Check for breathing
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
6. A 55-year-old patient is admitted with an acute inferior-wall myocardial infarction. During
the admission interview, he says he stopped taking his metoprolol (Lopressor) 5 days ago
because he was feeling better. Which of the following nursing diagnoses takes priority for this
patient?
a. Anxiety
b. Ineffective tissue perfusion; cardiopulmonary
c. Acute pain
d. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. Ineffective
therapeutic regimen management
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
7. A patient comes into the E.R. with acute shortness of breath & a cough that produces pink,
frothy sputum. Admission assessment reveals crackles & wheezes, a BP of 85/46, a HR of 122
BPM, & a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/minute. The patient's medical history included DM,
HTN, & heart failure. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Pneumothorax
, c. Cardiac tamponade
d. Pulmonary embolus - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a. Pulmonary edema
SITUATION: Nurse Isa is a newly hired nurse at Philippine Heart Center and she encountered
various cardiopulmonary issues within the ward with situations described below.
8. Nurse Isa is coming on duty and receives the report from the nurse going off duty. Which of
the following patients should Nurse Isa assess first?
a. The 58-year-old patient who was admitted 2 days ago with heart failure, BP of 126/76, & a RR
21 bpm
b. The 88-year-old patient with end-stage right-sided heart failure, BP of 78/50, & a DNR order.
c. The 62-year-old patient who was admitted one day ago with thrombophlebitis & receiving IV
heparin.
d. A 76-year-old patient who was admitted 1 hour ago with newonset atrial fibrillation & is
receiving IV diltiazem (Cardizem). - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. A 76-year-old patient who was
admitted 1 hour ago with newonset atrial fibrillation & is receiving IV diltiazem (Cardizem).
SITUATION: Nurse Isa is a newly hired nurse at Philippine Heart Center and she encountered
various cardiopulmonary issues within the ward with situations described below.
9. A patient with pulmonary edema has been on diuretic therapy. The patient has an order for
additional furosemide (Lasix) in the amount of 40 mg IV push. Knowing that the patient also will
be started on Digoxin (Lanoxin), a nurse checks the patient's most recent:
a. Digoxin level
b. Sodium level
c. Potassium level
d. Creatinine level - <CORRECT ANSWER >>c. Potassium level
Questions and Correct Answers 2026
SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
1. After an anterior wall myocardial infarction, which of the following problems is indicated by
auscultation of crackles in the lungs?
A. Left-sided heart failure
B. Pulmonic valve malfunction
C.Right-sided heart failure
d. Tricupsid valve malfunction - <CORRECT ANSWER >>A. Left-sided heart failure
SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
2. What is the FIRST intervention for a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
a. Administer morphine
b. Administer oxygen
c. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
d. Obtain an ECG - <CORRECT ANSWER >>b. Administer oxygen
,SITUATION: A security guard from a commercial drugstore suddenly complained of a severe,
unrelenting chest pain that feels like there was an elephant on his chest. He was rushed
immediately in the emergency room and workup was done hence diagnosed with Acute
Coronary Syndrome.
3. Which of the following conditions is the predominant cause of angina?
a. Increased preload
b. Decreased afterload
c. Coronary artery spasm
d. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. Inadequate oxygen
supply to the myocardium
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
4. Which of the following interventions should be the first priority when treating a patient
experiencing chest pain while walking?
a. Sit the patient down
b. Get the patient back to bed
c. Obtain an ECG
d. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a. Sit the patient down
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
5. A patient admitted with angina complains of severe chest pain & suddenly becomes
unresponsive. After establishing unresponsiveness, which of the following actions should the
nurse take first?
,a. Activate the resuscitation team
b. Open the patient's airway
c. Check for breathing
d. Check for signs of circulation - <CORRECT ANSWER >>c. Check for breathing
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
6. A 55-year-old patient is admitted with an acute inferior-wall myocardial infarction. During
the admission interview, he says he stopped taking his metoprolol (Lopressor) 5 days ago
because he was feeling better. Which of the following nursing diagnoses takes priority for this
patient?
a. Anxiety
b. Ineffective tissue perfusion; cardiopulmonary
c. Acute pain
d. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. Ineffective
therapeutic regimen management
SITUATION: Ischemic Heart Disease remains to be the most common cause of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines which nurses must learn how to address cardiovascular symptoms.
7. A patient comes into the E.R. with acute shortness of breath & a cough that produces pink,
frothy sputum. Admission assessment reveals crackles & wheezes, a BP of 85/46, a HR of 122
BPM, & a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/minute. The patient's medical history included DM,
HTN, & heart failure. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Pneumothorax
, c. Cardiac tamponade
d. Pulmonary embolus - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a. Pulmonary edema
SITUATION: Nurse Isa is a newly hired nurse at Philippine Heart Center and she encountered
various cardiopulmonary issues within the ward with situations described below.
8. Nurse Isa is coming on duty and receives the report from the nurse going off duty. Which of
the following patients should Nurse Isa assess first?
a. The 58-year-old patient who was admitted 2 days ago with heart failure, BP of 126/76, & a RR
21 bpm
b. The 88-year-old patient with end-stage right-sided heart failure, BP of 78/50, & a DNR order.
c. The 62-year-old patient who was admitted one day ago with thrombophlebitis & receiving IV
heparin.
d. A 76-year-old patient who was admitted 1 hour ago with newonset atrial fibrillation & is
receiving IV diltiazem (Cardizem). - <CORRECT ANSWER >>d. A 76-year-old patient who was
admitted 1 hour ago with newonset atrial fibrillation & is receiving IV diltiazem (Cardizem).
SITUATION: Nurse Isa is a newly hired nurse at Philippine Heart Center and she encountered
various cardiopulmonary issues within the ward with situations described below.
9. A patient with pulmonary edema has been on diuretic therapy. The patient has an order for
additional furosemide (Lasix) in the amount of 40 mg IV push. Knowing that the patient also will
be started on Digoxin (Lanoxin), a nurse checks the patient's most recent:
a. Digoxin level
b. Sodium level
c. Potassium level
d. Creatinine level - <CORRECT ANSWER >>c. Potassium level
