Medical-Surgical Nursing;
Comprehensive Final Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Professional Nursing *(Chapter 1: Harding Textbook)* - <CORRECT ANSWER >>As a nurse, you (1) offer
skilled care to those recovering from illness or injury, (2) advocate for patients' rights, (3) teach patients
to manage their health, (4) support patients and their caregivers at critical times, and (5) help them
navigate the complex health care system.
Definition of Nursing - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Nursing is described as both an art and a science; a heart
and a mind.
- Nursing is putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act (Florence Nightingale).
- The nurse's unique function is to aid patients, sick or well, in performing those activities contributing
to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if they had the
necessary strength, will, or knowledge--and to do this in such a way as to help them gain independence
(Henderson).
- *Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness
and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (American Nursing
Association).*
Nursing's View of Humanity (7 Dimensions of Wellness) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>7 Dimensions of
Wellness that contribute to health and quality of life:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
3. Social
4. Spiritual
5. Intellectual
6. Career (Occupational)
7. Environmental
,Scope of Nursing Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The essential core of nursing is to deliver holistic
patient-centered care. *Describes the services that a qualified health professional is deemed competent
to perform and permitted to undertake.*
- More education and experience can prepare nurses for advanced practice. An *advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN)* is a nurse educated at the master's or doctoral level.
Standards of Professional Nursing Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The American Nurses Association
(ANA) defines Standards of Professional Nursing Practice to guide nurses in how to perform
professionally.
- 2 Parts:
- Standards of Practice: describes a competent level of nursing care based on the nursing process
(ADPIE).
- Standards of Professional Performance: describes behavioral competencies expected of a nurse.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Addresses the challenge to
prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work
environments.
- Defines specific competencies nurses need to possess to practice safely and effectively
Nurse Practice Act (NPA) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Defines the scope and limitations of professional
nursing practice; vary from state to state
- Defines the nursing scope of practice in addition to delegating patient care.
Clinical Judgement - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The ability to make decisions and solve problems by making
sense of information in a situation (the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision-making).
Nursing Process - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
,Core Nursing Competencies (QSEN) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*Patient-Centered Care*: Provide holistic,
compassionate, and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences.
*Interprofessional Partnerships*: Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams
*Safety*: Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
*Quality Improvement*: Use data to monitor the outcomes of care and to improve the quality and
safety of health care systems.
*Informatics and Health Care Technology*: Use information and technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, reduce errors, and support decision making.
*Evidence-Based Practice*: Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and the
patient/caregiver preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.
Nursing Care Plans - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The comprehensive nursing care plan is the central source of
information needed to guide holistic, goal-oriented care, and address each client's unique needs
- Guides for routine care
Coordinating Care - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Effective communication is key to fostering teamwork and
coordinating care. To provide safe, effective care, team members must exchange information clearly
and accurately among team members.
- *Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR)*: Offers a structured way to discuss a
patient's condition between team members. It allows you to attention and action.
- *Patient Handoff Report*: The process of passing patient information to another team member during
a transition.
Clinical Pathways - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Interprofessional care plans outline the care and desired
outcomes for a specific time for patients with a specific diagnosis. If a patient's progress differs from the
planned path, a *variance* has occurred (These can be positive or negative)
Delegation and Assignment - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*Delegation* allows a care provider to perform a
specific nursing activity, skill, or procedure beyond their usual role. (Initial assessment, patient teaching,
and evaluation CANNOT be delegated) (bathing, vital signs, ambulating, and feeding CAN be delegated)
*Assignment* is referred to when a RN directs an LPN/VN/ or AP to do an activity or procedure that is
part of their everyday job.
5 Rights of Delegation - <CORRECT ANSWER >>1. Right task
, 2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right direction/communication
5. Right supervision/evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>A problem solving approach to making clinical
decisions using the best evidence available.
- Steps of EBP Process:
1. Asking a clinical question
2. Searching for the best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Implement the evidence into practice
5. Evaluate the outcome
6. Share the results
National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Goals issued by the Joint Commission to
improve patient safety in healthcare organizations nationwide
-Improve accuracy of client identification.
-Improve effectiveness of communication
among caregivers.
-Improve safety of using medications.
-Reduce risk of health-care-associated infections.
-Identify client safety risks inherent in its
patient population.
PICOT format - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*P* - Identify the population or problem (age, gender, ethnicity,
disease/disorder)
*I* - Intervention, or range of interventions of interest (exposure to disease, risk behavior, education)
*C* - What will you compare the intervention against? (no disease, absence of risk factors, placebo or
no intervention)
Comprehensive Final Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Professional Nursing *(Chapter 1: Harding Textbook)* - <CORRECT ANSWER >>As a nurse, you (1) offer
skilled care to those recovering from illness or injury, (2) advocate for patients' rights, (3) teach patients
to manage their health, (4) support patients and their caregivers at critical times, and (5) help them
navigate the complex health care system.
Definition of Nursing - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Nursing is described as both an art and a science; a heart
and a mind.
- Nursing is putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act (Florence Nightingale).
- The nurse's unique function is to aid patients, sick or well, in performing those activities contributing
to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if they had the
necessary strength, will, or knowledge--and to do this in such a way as to help them gain independence
(Henderson).
- *Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness
and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (American Nursing
Association).*
Nursing's View of Humanity (7 Dimensions of Wellness) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>7 Dimensions of
Wellness that contribute to health and quality of life:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
3. Social
4. Spiritual
5. Intellectual
6. Career (Occupational)
7. Environmental
,Scope of Nursing Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The essential core of nursing is to deliver holistic
patient-centered care. *Describes the services that a qualified health professional is deemed competent
to perform and permitted to undertake.*
- More education and experience can prepare nurses for advanced practice. An *advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN)* is a nurse educated at the master's or doctoral level.
Standards of Professional Nursing Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The American Nurses Association
(ANA) defines Standards of Professional Nursing Practice to guide nurses in how to perform
professionally.
- 2 Parts:
- Standards of Practice: describes a competent level of nursing care based on the nursing process
(ADPIE).
- Standards of Professional Performance: describes behavioral competencies expected of a nurse.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Addresses the challenge to
prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work
environments.
- Defines specific competencies nurses need to possess to practice safely and effectively
Nurse Practice Act (NPA) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Defines the scope and limitations of professional
nursing practice; vary from state to state
- Defines the nursing scope of practice in addition to delegating patient care.
Clinical Judgement - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The ability to make decisions and solve problems by making
sense of information in a situation (the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision-making).
Nursing Process - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
,Core Nursing Competencies (QSEN) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*Patient-Centered Care*: Provide holistic,
compassionate, and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences.
*Interprofessional Partnerships*: Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams
*Safety*: Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
*Quality Improvement*: Use data to monitor the outcomes of care and to improve the quality and
safety of health care systems.
*Informatics and Health Care Technology*: Use information and technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, reduce errors, and support decision making.
*Evidence-Based Practice*: Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and the
patient/caregiver preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.
Nursing Care Plans - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The comprehensive nursing care plan is the central source of
information needed to guide holistic, goal-oriented care, and address each client's unique needs
- Guides for routine care
Coordinating Care - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Effective communication is key to fostering teamwork and
coordinating care. To provide safe, effective care, team members must exchange information clearly
and accurately among team members.
- *Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR)*: Offers a structured way to discuss a
patient's condition between team members. It allows you to attention and action.
- *Patient Handoff Report*: The process of passing patient information to another team member during
a transition.
Clinical Pathways - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Interprofessional care plans outline the care and desired
outcomes for a specific time for patients with a specific diagnosis. If a patient's progress differs from the
planned path, a *variance* has occurred (These can be positive or negative)
Delegation and Assignment - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*Delegation* allows a care provider to perform a
specific nursing activity, skill, or procedure beyond their usual role. (Initial assessment, patient teaching,
and evaluation CANNOT be delegated) (bathing, vital signs, ambulating, and feeding CAN be delegated)
*Assignment* is referred to when a RN directs an LPN/VN/ or AP to do an activity or procedure that is
part of their everyday job.
5 Rights of Delegation - <CORRECT ANSWER >>1. Right task
, 2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right direction/communication
5. Right supervision/evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice - <CORRECT ANSWER >>A problem solving approach to making clinical
decisions using the best evidence available.
- Steps of EBP Process:
1. Asking a clinical question
2. Searching for the best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Implement the evidence into practice
5. Evaluate the outcome
6. Share the results
National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Goals issued by the Joint Commission to
improve patient safety in healthcare organizations nationwide
-Improve accuracy of client identification.
-Improve effectiveness of communication
among caregivers.
-Improve safety of using medications.
-Reduce risk of health-care-associated infections.
-Identify client safety risks inherent in its
patient population.
PICOT format - <CORRECT ANSWER >>*P* - Identify the population or problem (age, gender, ethnicity,
disease/disorder)
*I* - Intervention, or range of interventions of interest (exposure to disease, risk behavior, education)
*C* - What will you compare the intervention against? (no disease, absence of risk factors, placebo or
no intervention)
