Psychology Exam test queries and
answers well graded A+
Learning - ANS✅✅relatively permanent change in knowledge/behavior arising from experience
Classical Conditioning - ANS✅✅we learn to associate two stimuli and thus to anticipate events
Pavlov - ANS✅✅classical conditioning, putting food in a dogs mouth caused the animal to salivate.
dog began salivating at the sight of food
Unconditioned Response - ANS✅✅naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
(salvation in response to food)
Unconditioned Stimulus - ANS✅✅stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically)
triggers a response (food in mouth triggers salvation)
Conditioned Response - ANS✅✅the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (salvation in
response to the tone was conditional upon the dog's learning the association between the tone and
food)
Conditioned Stimulus - ANS✅✅an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an
unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response (tone stimulus now triggers the
conditional salvation)
Little Albert - ANS✅✅taught to be afraid of things that are white. he sees a white rat, they bang a
metal pole and he gets afraid. they do it continuously and he eventually starts crying at the sight of
the rat.
Tolerance - ANS✅✅diminished response to a drug after repeated use
Clever Hans - ANS✅✅horse that learned to do math by picking up on signals from his master
Extinction - ANS✅✅the diminished responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus (tone)
no longer signals the impending unconditioned stimulus (food)
, Spontaneous Recovery - ANS✅✅the reappearance of the conditioned response triggered by the
conditioned stimulus after a pause
Response Generalization - ANS✅✅tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to
trigger the conditioned response
Stimulus Discrimination - ANS✅✅in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish
between the conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli
Higher-Order Conditioning - ANS✅✅conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired
with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus (dog knows that
tone=food=salvation, may learn light=tone=food=salvation)
Scapegoat Food (Classical Conditioning) - ANS✅✅cancer patients receiving chemotherapy can
learn to associate the nausea with a new food. patients ate hospital food and kept their weight
(experiment worked). us=chemotherapy, ur=nausea, cs=mapletoff ice cream, cr=nausea
Associative Learning - ANS✅✅certain things occur together. the events may be two stimuli
(classical conditioning) or a response and it's consequences (operant conditioning)
Operant Conditioning - ANS✅✅we learn to associate a response and its consequences and thus
repeat actions followed by good results.
Operant Behavior - ANS✅✅behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences
Law of Effect - ANS✅✅rewarded behavior is likely to recur.
Skinner - ANS✅✅Operant Conditioning experiments. Taught pigeons to walk, play ping-pong and
keep a missile on course.
Skinner's Box - ANS✅✅operant chamber, has a bar or key that an animal presses or pecks to
release a reward of food or water, and a devise that records the responses.
answers well graded A+
Learning - ANS✅✅relatively permanent change in knowledge/behavior arising from experience
Classical Conditioning - ANS✅✅we learn to associate two stimuli and thus to anticipate events
Pavlov - ANS✅✅classical conditioning, putting food in a dogs mouth caused the animal to salivate.
dog began salivating at the sight of food
Unconditioned Response - ANS✅✅naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
(salvation in response to food)
Unconditioned Stimulus - ANS✅✅stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically)
triggers a response (food in mouth triggers salvation)
Conditioned Response - ANS✅✅the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (salvation in
response to the tone was conditional upon the dog's learning the association between the tone and
food)
Conditioned Stimulus - ANS✅✅an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an
unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response (tone stimulus now triggers the
conditional salvation)
Little Albert - ANS✅✅taught to be afraid of things that are white. he sees a white rat, they bang a
metal pole and he gets afraid. they do it continuously and he eventually starts crying at the sight of
the rat.
Tolerance - ANS✅✅diminished response to a drug after repeated use
Clever Hans - ANS✅✅horse that learned to do math by picking up on signals from his master
Extinction - ANS✅✅the diminished responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus (tone)
no longer signals the impending unconditioned stimulus (food)
, Spontaneous Recovery - ANS✅✅the reappearance of the conditioned response triggered by the
conditioned stimulus after a pause
Response Generalization - ANS✅✅tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to
trigger the conditioned response
Stimulus Discrimination - ANS✅✅in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish
between the conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli
Higher-Order Conditioning - ANS✅✅conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired
with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus (dog knows that
tone=food=salvation, may learn light=tone=food=salvation)
Scapegoat Food (Classical Conditioning) - ANS✅✅cancer patients receiving chemotherapy can
learn to associate the nausea with a new food. patients ate hospital food and kept their weight
(experiment worked). us=chemotherapy, ur=nausea, cs=mapletoff ice cream, cr=nausea
Associative Learning - ANS✅✅certain things occur together. the events may be two stimuli
(classical conditioning) or a response and it's consequences (operant conditioning)
Operant Conditioning - ANS✅✅we learn to associate a response and its consequences and thus
repeat actions followed by good results.
Operant Behavior - ANS✅✅behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences
Law of Effect - ANS✅✅rewarded behavior is likely to recur.
Skinner - ANS✅✅Operant Conditioning experiments. Taught pigeons to walk, play ping-pong and
keep a missile on course.
Skinner's Box - ANS✅✅operant chamber, has a bar or key that an animal presses or pecks to
release a reward of food or water, and a devise that records the responses.
