Introduction to Criminal Justice Final
Exam Questions with Verified Answers
Court process, employed in the United States and other former British colonies, in which
lawyers for each side represent their clients' best interests in presenting evidence and
formulating arguments as a means to discover the truth and protect the rights of
defendants. - ANSWERSAdversarial Process
A collection of individuals who interact in the workplace on a continuing basis, share
goals, develop norms regarding how activities should be carried out, and eventually
establish a network of roles, and eventually establish a network of roles all of which
differentiate the group from others and facilitate cooperation. - ANSWERSWork Group
Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions of lower courts. -
ANSWERSAppellate Courts
Officials responsible for the persecution of crimes that violate the United States.
Appointed by the president and assigned to the U.S. district court jurisdiction. -
ANSWERSUnited States Attorneys
An attorney in private practice assigned by a court to represent an indigent. The
attorney's fee is paid by the government with jurisdiction over the case. -
ANSWERSAssigned Counsel
Criminal courts with trial jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary matters in
felony cases. Sometimes these courts hold felony trials that may result in penalties
below a specific limit. - ANSWERSTrial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
An attorney in private practice who contracts with the government to represent all
indigent defendants in a county during a set period of time and for a specified dollar
amount. - ANSWERSContract Counsel
Criminal courts with jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies. In some states,
these courts also hear appeals. - ANSWERSTrial Courts of General Jurisdition
Each separate offense of which a person is accused in an indictment of an information.
- ANSWERSCount
Chief legal officer of a state, responsible for both civil and criminal matters. -
ANSWERSState Attorney General
The lawyer who represents accused offenders and convicted offenders in their dealings
with criminal justice. - ANSWERSDefense Attorney
,An attorney employed on a full-time, salaried basis by a public or private nonprofit
organization to represent indigents. - ANSWERSPublic Defender
A prosecutor's pretrial disclosure to the defense of facts and evidence to be introduced
at trial. - ANSWERSDiscovery
A legal representative of the state with sole responsibility for bringing criminal charges.
In some states, this person is referred to as the district attorney, state's attorney,
commonwealth attorney, or county attorney. - ANSWERSProsecuting Attorney
Local court officials' shared view of the appropriate sentence for the offense, the
defendant's prior record, and other case characteristics. - ANSWERSGoing Rate
Lower-level local courts dedicated to addressing particular social problems or troubled
populations. Examples of such courts, domestic violence courts, and mental health
courts. - ANSWERSProblem-Solving Courts
Court process, employed in most countries of the world, in which the judge takes an
active role in investigating the case and examining evidence by, for example,
questioning witnesses. - ANSWERSInquisitorial Process
An election in which candidates openly affiliated with political parties are presented to
voters for selection. - ANSWERSPartisan Election
The geographic territory or legal boundaries within which control may be exercised; the
range of a courts authority. - ANSWERSJurisdiction
An election in which candidates' party affiliations are not listed on the ballot. -
ANSWERSNonpartisan Election
Norms shared by members of a court community as to how cases should be handled
and how a participant should behave in the judicial process. - ANSWERSLocal Legal
Culture
An entry, made by a prosecutor and announced in court, indicating that the charges
specified will not be prosecuted. In effect, the charges are there by dismissed. -
ANSWERSNolle Prosequi
A reform plan by which judges are nominated by a committee and appointed by the
governor for a given period. When the term expires, the voters or disapprove the judge
for a succeeding term. If the judge is disapproved, the committee nominates a
successor for the governor's appointment. - ANSWERSMerit Selection
A request to a higher court that it review actions taken in a trial court. -
ANSWERSAppeal
, The court appearance of an accused person in which the charges are read and the
accused, advised by a lawyer, pleads guilty or not guilty. - ANSWERSArraignment
An amount of money specified by a judge to be paid as a condition of pretrial release to
ensure that the accused will appear in court as required. - ANSWERSBail
Trials conducted by a judge who acts as fact finder and determines issues of law. No
jury participates. - ANSWERSBench Trials
Removal of a perspective juror by showing that he or she has some bias or some other
legal disability. The number of such challenges available to attorney is unlimited. -
ANSWERSChallenge for Cause
Evidence provided by a witness from which a jury must infer a fact. -
ANSWERSCircumstantial Evidence
Eyewitness accounts. - ANSWERSDirect Evidence
A writ or judicial order requesting the release of a person being detained in a jail, prison,
or mental hospital. If a judge finds the person is being held improperly, the writ may be
granted and the person released. - ANSWERSHabeas Corpus
A panel of citizens selected according to law and sworn to determine matters of fact in a
criminal case and to deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty. - ANSWERSJury
An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specific
action. - ANSWERSMotion
Defendants may deposit a percentage (usually 10 percent) of the full bail with the court.
The full amount of bail is required if the defendant fails to appear. The percentage of
bail is returned after disposition of the case, although the court often retains 1 percent
for administrative costs. - ANSWERSPercentage Bail
Removal of a prospective juror without giving a reason. Attorneys are allowed a limited
number of such challenges. - ANSWERSPeremptory Challenge
Holding a defendant for trial, based on a judge's finding that if the defendant were
released on bail, he or she would endanger the safety of any other person and the
community or would flee. - ANSWERSPreventive Detention
Physical evidence-such as a weapon, records, fingerprints, and stolen property-involved
in the crime. - ANSWERSReal Evidence
Exam Questions with Verified Answers
Court process, employed in the United States and other former British colonies, in which
lawyers for each side represent their clients' best interests in presenting evidence and
formulating arguments as a means to discover the truth and protect the rights of
defendants. - ANSWERSAdversarial Process
A collection of individuals who interact in the workplace on a continuing basis, share
goals, develop norms regarding how activities should be carried out, and eventually
establish a network of roles, and eventually establish a network of roles all of which
differentiate the group from others and facilitate cooperation. - ANSWERSWork Group
Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions of lower courts. -
ANSWERSAppellate Courts
Officials responsible for the persecution of crimes that violate the United States.
Appointed by the president and assigned to the U.S. district court jurisdiction. -
ANSWERSUnited States Attorneys
An attorney in private practice assigned by a court to represent an indigent. The
attorney's fee is paid by the government with jurisdiction over the case. -
ANSWERSAssigned Counsel
Criminal courts with trial jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary matters in
felony cases. Sometimes these courts hold felony trials that may result in penalties
below a specific limit. - ANSWERSTrial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
An attorney in private practice who contracts with the government to represent all
indigent defendants in a county during a set period of time and for a specified dollar
amount. - ANSWERSContract Counsel
Criminal courts with jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies. In some states,
these courts also hear appeals. - ANSWERSTrial Courts of General Jurisdition
Each separate offense of which a person is accused in an indictment of an information.
- ANSWERSCount
Chief legal officer of a state, responsible for both civil and criminal matters. -
ANSWERSState Attorney General
The lawyer who represents accused offenders and convicted offenders in their dealings
with criminal justice. - ANSWERSDefense Attorney
,An attorney employed on a full-time, salaried basis by a public or private nonprofit
organization to represent indigents. - ANSWERSPublic Defender
A prosecutor's pretrial disclosure to the defense of facts and evidence to be introduced
at trial. - ANSWERSDiscovery
A legal representative of the state with sole responsibility for bringing criminal charges.
In some states, this person is referred to as the district attorney, state's attorney,
commonwealth attorney, or county attorney. - ANSWERSProsecuting Attorney
Local court officials' shared view of the appropriate sentence for the offense, the
defendant's prior record, and other case characteristics. - ANSWERSGoing Rate
Lower-level local courts dedicated to addressing particular social problems or troubled
populations. Examples of such courts, domestic violence courts, and mental health
courts. - ANSWERSProblem-Solving Courts
Court process, employed in most countries of the world, in which the judge takes an
active role in investigating the case and examining evidence by, for example,
questioning witnesses. - ANSWERSInquisitorial Process
An election in which candidates openly affiliated with political parties are presented to
voters for selection. - ANSWERSPartisan Election
The geographic territory or legal boundaries within which control may be exercised; the
range of a courts authority. - ANSWERSJurisdiction
An election in which candidates' party affiliations are not listed on the ballot. -
ANSWERSNonpartisan Election
Norms shared by members of a court community as to how cases should be handled
and how a participant should behave in the judicial process. - ANSWERSLocal Legal
Culture
An entry, made by a prosecutor and announced in court, indicating that the charges
specified will not be prosecuted. In effect, the charges are there by dismissed. -
ANSWERSNolle Prosequi
A reform plan by which judges are nominated by a committee and appointed by the
governor for a given period. When the term expires, the voters or disapprove the judge
for a succeeding term. If the judge is disapproved, the committee nominates a
successor for the governor's appointment. - ANSWERSMerit Selection
A request to a higher court that it review actions taken in a trial court. -
ANSWERSAppeal
, The court appearance of an accused person in which the charges are read and the
accused, advised by a lawyer, pleads guilty or not guilty. - ANSWERSArraignment
An amount of money specified by a judge to be paid as a condition of pretrial release to
ensure that the accused will appear in court as required. - ANSWERSBail
Trials conducted by a judge who acts as fact finder and determines issues of law. No
jury participates. - ANSWERSBench Trials
Removal of a perspective juror by showing that he or she has some bias or some other
legal disability. The number of such challenges available to attorney is unlimited. -
ANSWERSChallenge for Cause
Evidence provided by a witness from which a jury must infer a fact. -
ANSWERSCircumstantial Evidence
Eyewitness accounts. - ANSWERSDirect Evidence
A writ or judicial order requesting the release of a person being detained in a jail, prison,
or mental hospital. If a judge finds the person is being held improperly, the writ may be
granted and the person released. - ANSWERSHabeas Corpus
A panel of citizens selected according to law and sworn to determine matters of fact in a
criminal case and to deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty. - ANSWERSJury
An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specific
action. - ANSWERSMotion
Defendants may deposit a percentage (usually 10 percent) of the full bail with the court.
The full amount of bail is required if the defendant fails to appear. The percentage of
bail is returned after disposition of the case, although the court often retains 1 percent
for administrative costs. - ANSWERSPercentage Bail
Removal of a prospective juror without giving a reason. Attorneys are allowed a limited
number of such challenges. - ANSWERSPeremptory Challenge
Holding a defendant for trial, based on a judge's finding that if the defendant were
released on bail, he or she would endanger the safety of any other person and the
community or would flee. - ANSWERSPreventive Detention
Physical evidence-such as a weapon, records, fingerprints, and stolen property-involved
in the crime. - ANSWERSReal Evidence
