McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology Test Bank | Julia Rogers | 9th Edition

TEST BANK
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for
Disease in Adults and Children
JULIA ROGERS
9th Edition

,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 9th Edition


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with
histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles

ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus;
thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-
floating nuclear material but has no organelles.

REF: p. 2


2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves
maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for
the synthesizing of new substances.

REF: p. 2


3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm

ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most
of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus.
Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein
manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.

REF: p. 2

,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer
itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules

ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane
proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell
adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.

REF: p. 7


5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands

ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.

REF: p. 9

6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
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metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins

ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to
travel or metastasize.

REF: p. 10


7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction

ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions
are associated with cellular communication.

REF: p. 11

, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha
cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal

ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon.
None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like
insulin.

REF: p. 12


9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the
reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the
remaining options.

REF: p. 16


10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete
asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is
result of a deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP

ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in
muscle contraction.

REF: p. 16


11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle

ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated
during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.