SANS GISCP AND GIAC EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◍ Relays Answer:An electrically operated switch. Complicated to
configure cumbersome and expensive
◍ Pneumatics Answer:The technique of using gases for power
transmission.
◍ Control Loops Answer:calculating and controlling an environment or
process based on feedback.
◍ Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Answer:a control loop
feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control
systems. Calculates an error value as the difference between a measured
process variable and a desired setpoint.
◍ Proportional Answer:The PID value that produces an output value
that is proportional to the current error value. The proportional response
can be adjusted by multiplying the error by a constant Kp, called the
proportional gain constant.
,◍ Integral Answer:The PID value that is proportional to both the
magnitude of the error and the duration of the error. In a PID controller,
it is the sum of the instantaneous error over time and gives the
accumulated offset that should have been corrected previously. The
accumulated error is then multiplied by the integral gain (K_i) and added
to the controller output.
◍ Derivative Answer:This PID value in the process error is calculated
by determining the slope of the error over time and multiplying this rate
of change by the derivative gain Kd. The magnitude of the contribution
of the derivative term to the overall control action is termed the gain.
◍ Fuzzy Logic Answer:The degrees of truth, Truth Value between 0 and
1 for various factors. Values used to determine final operation
◍ Devices Answer:Actuate things in order to process Stuff
◍ Distributed Control System (DCS) Answer:Refers to a control system
of a process plant and industrial process wherein control elements are
not only located in central location (like the brain) but are also
distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system
controlled by one or more controllers so the intelligence is distributed
across the sections of the plant. Follows hierarchy in its control
philosophy with various function spread across . Is a computerized
control system used to automate processes in various industries.
,◍ Process Control System (PCS) Answer:What does the acronym PCS
stand for?
◍ Energy Management System (EMS) Answer:What does the acronym
EMS stand for?
◍ Building Management System (BMS) Answer:What does the
acronym BMS stand for also know as BAS?
◍ Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Answer:Consists of an engineered
set of hardware and software controls which are especially used on
critical process systems where life safety, environmental or finanacial
damange can occur.
◍ Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Answer:What
does the acronym SCADA stand for?
◍ SCADA Answer:A system operating with coded signals over
communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment
(using typically one communication channel per remote station).
◍ Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) Answer:What does the
acronym MES stand for?
, ◍ Human Machine Interface (HMI) Answer:What does the acronym
HMI stand for?
◍ SHODAN Answer:Webservice that allows you to put in Vendor and
Model and will show you IP addresses of where they can be reached
◍ DMZ Answer:Provides a series of function specific zones where
services and data can be shared between the zones. Added between
levels of trust.
◍ Business Zone Answer:Purdue 4 and 5 Levels
◍ Operations Zone Answer:Purdue Levels 3,2,1,0
◍ CIA Answer:Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
◍ AIC Answer:Availability, Integrity, Confidentiality
◍ Procurement Language Tool Kit Answer:DHS - Designed to for
asking technology companies security questions when purchasing
equipment
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◍ Relays Answer:An electrically operated switch. Complicated to
configure cumbersome and expensive
◍ Pneumatics Answer:The technique of using gases for power
transmission.
◍ Control Loops Answer:calculating and controlling an environment or
process based on feedback.
◍ Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Answer:a control loop
feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control
systems. Calculates an error value as the difference between a measured
process variable and a desired setpoint.
◍ Proportional Answer:The PID value that produces an output value
that is proportional to the current error value. The proportional response
can be adjusted by multiplying the error by a constant Kp, called the
proportional gain constant.
,◍ Integral Answer:The PID value that is proportional to both the
magnitude of the error and the duration of the error. In a PID controller,
it is the sum of the instantaneous error over time and gives the
accumulated offset that should have been corrected previously. The
accumulated error is then multiplied by the integral gain (K_i) and added
to the controller output.
◍ Derivative Answer:This PID value in the process error is calculated
by determining the slope of the error over time and multiplying this rate
of change by the derivative gain Kd. The magnitude of the contribution
of the derivative term to the overall control action is termed the gain.
◍ Fuzzy Logic Answer:The degrees of truth, Truth Value between 0 and
1 for various factors. Values used to determine final operation
◍ Devices Answer:Actuate things in order to process Stuff
◍ Distributed Control System (DCS) Answer:Refers to a control system
of a process plant and industrial process wherein control elements are
not only located in central location (like the brain) but are also
distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system
controlled by one or more controllers so the intelligence is distributed
across the sections of the plant. Follows hierarchy in its control
philosophy with various function spread across . Is a computerized
control system used to automate processes in various industries.
,◍ Process Control System (PCS) Answer:What does the acronym PCS
stand for?
◍ Energy Management System (EMS) Answer:What does the acronym
EMS stand for?
◍ Building Management System (BMS) Answer:What does the
acronym BMS stand for also know as BAS?
◍ Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Answer:Consists of an engineered
set of hardware and software controls which are especially used on
critical process systems where life safety, environmental or finanacial
damange can occur.
◍ Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Answer:What
does the acronym SCADA stand for?
◍ SCADA Answer:A system operating with coded signals over
communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment
(using typically one communication channel per remote station).
◍ Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) Answer:What does the
acronym MES stand for?
, ◍ Human Machine Interface (HMI) Answer:What does the acronym
HMI stand for?
◍ SHODAN Answer:Webservice that allows you to put in Vendor and
Model and will show you IP addresses of where they can be reached
◍ DMZ Answer:Provides a series of function specific zones where
services and data can be shared between the zones. Added between
levels of trust.
◍ Business Zone Answer:Purdue 4 and 5 Levels
◍ Operations Zone Answer:Purdue Levels 3,2,1,0
◍ CIA Answer:Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
◍ AIC Answer:Availability, Integrity, Confidentiality
◍ Procurement Language Tool Kit Answer:DHS - Designed to for
asking technology companies security questions when purchasing
equipment
