NURS 5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Newest
Questions and Answers Latest (Verified
Answers)
1. A patient in respiratory distress is breathing 33 breaths per minute.
Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
A. PCO2 15
B. pH 7.30
C. pH 7.45
D. O2 sat 100%
Correct Answer A. PCO2 15
Explanation: Tachypnea (rapid breathing) leads to blowing off CO2,
resulting in low PCO2 levels. This causes respiratory alkalosis, reflected
by an increased pH (above 7.45). Since the patient is hyperventilating,
PCO2 is decreased, making option A the consistent ABG value.
2. A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the
neurons.
,d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.
Correct Answer b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them
to swell.
Explanation: Hyponatremia (low sodium) causes water to move into
brain cells, leading to swelling (cerebral edema), which manifests as
disorientation and lethargy.
3. A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer a. Hyperkalemia
Explanation: During dehydration, serum osmolality increases, causing
potassium to shift into the bloodstream, leading to hyperkalemia.
4. A married couple presents for genetic counseling. The husband has
an autosomal recessive disease, and the wife is heterozygous. What is
the chance their baby will have the disease?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Correct Answer 25%
, Explanation: The husband's genotype is aa; the wife is Aa. Using a
Punnett square, there's a 25% chance the offspring will inherit aa
(affected), 50% carriers (Aa), and 25% unaffected (AA).
5. A child diagnosed with hemophilia demonstrates which genetic
concept?
Phenotype
Genotype
Autosomal transmission of the disease
Transcription
Correct Answer Phenotype
Explanation: Hemophilia manifests as a physical trait (phenotype)
resulting from the genetic mutation, which is the genotype.
6. Dehydration triggers which physiologic response?
Increased secretion of renin.
Increase secretion of natriuretic peptides.
Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Decreased serum osmolality.
Correct Answer Increased secretion of renin.
Explanation: Dehydration decreases blood volume and perfusion,
stimulating renin release to conserve sodium and water, maintaining
blood pressure.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Newest
Questions and Answers Latest (Verified
Answers)
1. A patient in respiratory distress is breathing 33 breaths per minute.
Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
A. PCO2 15
B. pH 7.30
C. pH 7.45
D. O2 sat 100%
Correct Answer A. PCO2 15
Explanation: Tachypnea (rapid breathing) leads to blowing off CO2,
resulting in low PCO2 levels. This causes respiratory alkalosis, reflected
by an increased pH (above 7.45). Since the patient is hyperventilating,
PCO2 is decreased, making option A the consistent ABG value.
2. A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the
neurons.
,d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.
Correct Answer b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them
to swell.
Explanation: Hyponatremia (low sodium) causes water to move into
brain cells, leading to swelling (cerebral edema), which manifests as
disorientation and lethargy.
3. A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer a. Hyperkalemia
Explanation: During dehydration, serum osmolality increases, causing
potassium to shift into the bloodstream, leading to hyperkalemia.
4. A married couple presents for genetic counseling. The husband has
an autosomal recessive disease, and the wife is heterozygous. What is
the chance their baby will have the disease?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Correct Answer 25%
, Explanation: The husband's genotype is aa; the wife is Aa. Using a
Punnett square, there's a 25% chance the offspring will inherit aa
(affected), 50% carriers (Aa), and 25% unaffected (AA).
5. A child diagnosed with hemophilia demonstrates which genetic
concept?
Phenotype
Genotype
Autosomal transmission of the disease
Transcription
Correct Answer Phenotype
Explanation: Hemophilia manifests as a physical trait (phenotype)
resulting from the genetic mutation, which is the genotype.
6. Dehydration triggers which physiologic response?
Increased secretion of renin.
Increase secretion of natriuretic peptides.
Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Decreased serum osmolality.
Correct Answer Increased secretion of renin.
Explanation: Dehydration decreases blood volume and perfusion,
stimulating renin release to conserve sodium and water, maintaining
blood pressure.
