NURS 460 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed
Cancers that lead to the highest number of deaths - Answers Lung and bronchus
Breast
Prostate
Colon/rectum
Pancreas
Nurses Role in prevention of cancer and cancer related deaths - Answers Educate on cancer risk
factors (smoking)
Help increase rates on cancer screenings (colonoscopy)
Help pts. comply with their cancer regimens
Support pts. and their families as they cope with the effects of cancer and tx
What to avoid and do to help prevent cancer - Answers -Reduce exposure to known or
suspected carcinogens and cancer-promoting agents (cigarettes, tanning beds, sun exposure)
-Reduce dietary fat and preservatives (smoked or salt-cured meats containing high nitrate
concentrations)
-Limit ETOH intake
-Participate in regular exercise
-Maintain a healthy weight
-6-8 hours of rest per night
-Eliminate stressors and cope with them effectively
-Have a regular physical exam
-Have the recommended cancer screenings
-Self-examinations
-Know the seven warning signs on cancer
-Seek immediate medical care if a change is noticed
-Wear proper clothing (gown, flows, respirator) when working with chemicals
Common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy - Answers Allopecia
,Bone Marrow Suppression
N/V
Extreme fatigue (blood clots due to sedentary)
Possible extravasation
Diarrhea or constipation
Skin Rashes
Long term damage to kidneys, liver, and lungs
Radiation damage to skin
At risk for infection
Low platelet and WBC (at risk for bleeding)
Tx options to prevent complications from chemo and radiation - Answers Prophylactic
antiemetics
Anti-diarrheals, stool softeners, iron supplement
Discuss hair loss
Establish a time to take a daily walk-want to conserve energy
Infection prevention
Include pt. in diet planning
Eat small, frequent meals
Good oral hygiene (examine for sores in mouth)
Proper hand hygiene
Protect skin from the sun
Avoid swimming pools
Soft bristle toothbrush
Diet Modifications for Chemo - Answers Soft, bland, moist foods
High-protein, high-calorie
Small frequent meals
, No strong smells
Avoid irritating foods (spicy, acidic, hot/cold)
Low-residue/fiber for diarrhea
High-fiber for constipation
Nutrition supplements
drink 3L of fluid a day
Eat/drink when not nauseated
No veggies from the ground
Myelosupression (Bone Marrow Suppression) - Answers Most common effect of chemo (can
also occur w/radiation)
- Can result in infection, hemorrhage, extreme fatigue
- Nurse needs to monitor CBC (especially neutrophil, platelet, RBC). Know that it will reach nadir
7-10 days after initiation of treatment
- Neutropenia (low WBC) is serious risk factor for infection and sepsis.
-Monitor signs of infection
-Hand hygiene is very important
PET Scan - Answers used to identify abnormal cellular activity
can give an accurate staging of cancer
Pt. is injected w/ radioactive dye
Dye goes to areas with higher levels of activity (cancer cells) and shows as a brighter color on
the scan
Biopsy - Answers Removal of tissue sample for pathologic analysis
•Endoscopic—lung, colon, bladder
•Surgical—tumor hard to reach—laparotomy, thoracotomy, craniotomy
•Fine needle aspiration— cells to examine
Cancers that lead to the highest number of deaths - Answers Lung and bronchus
Breast
Prostate
Colon/rectum
Pancreas
Nurses Role in prevention of cancer and cancer related deaths - Answers Educate on cancer risk
factors (smoking)
Help increase rates on cancer screenings (colonoscopy)
Help pts. comply with their cancer regimens
Support pts. and their families as they cope with the effects of cancer and tx
What to avoid and do to help prevent cancer - Answers -Reduce exposure to known or
suspected carcinogens and cancer-promoting agents (cigarettes, tanning beds, sun exposure)
-Reduce dietary fat and preservatives (smoked or salt-cured meats containing high nitrate
concentrations)
-Limit ETOH intake
-Participate in regular exercise
-Maintain a healthy weight
-6-8 hours of rest per night
-Eliminate stressors and cope with them effectively
-Have a regular physical exam
-Have the recommended cancer screenings
-Self-examinations
-Know the seven warning signs on cancer
-Seek immediate medical care if a change is noticed
-Wear proper clothing (gown, flows, respirator) when working with chemicals
Common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy - Answers Allopecia
,Bone Marrow Suppression
N/V
Extreme fatigue (blood clots due to sedentary)
Possible extravasation
Diarrhea or constipation
Skin Rashes
Long term damage to kidneys, liver, and lungs
Radiation damage to skin
At risk for infection
Low platelet and WBC (at risk for bleeding)
Tx options to prevent complications from chemo and radiation - Answers Prophylactic
antiemetics
Anti-diarrheals, stool softeners, iron supplement
Discuss hair loss
Establish a time to take a daily walk-want to conserve energy
Infection prevention
Include pt. in diet planning
Eat small, frequent meals
Good oral hygiene (examine for sores in mouth)
Proper hand hygiene
Protect skin from the sun
Avoid swimming pools
Soft bristle toothbrush
Diet Modifications for Chemo - Answers Soft, bland, moist foods
High-protein, high-calorie
Small frequent meals
, No strong smells
Avoid irritating foods (spicy, acidic, hot/cold)
Low-residue/fiber for diarrhea
High-fiber for constipation
Nutrition supplements
drink 3L of fluid a day
Eat/drink when not nauseated
No veggies from the ground
Myelosupression (Bone Marrow Suppression) - Answers Most common effect of chemo (can
also occur w/radiation)
- Can result in infection, hemorrhage, extreme fatigue
- Nurse needs to monitor CBC (especially neutrophil, platelet, RBC). Know that it will reach nadir
7-10 days after initiation of treatment
- Neutropenia (low WBC) is serious risk factor for infection and sepsis.
-Monitor signs of infection
-Hand hygiene is very important
PET Scan - Answers used to identify abnormal cellular activity
can give an accurate staging of cancer
Pt. is injected w/ radioactive dye
Dye goes to areas with higher levels of activity (cancer cells) and shows as a brighter color on
the scan
Biopsy - Answers Removal of tissue sample for pathologic analysis
•Endoscopic—lung, colon, bladder
•Surgical—tumor hard to reach—laparotomy, thoracotomy, craniotomy
•Fine needle aspiration— cells to examine
