CME 405 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
What are 2 aims in any industrial plant? Ans✓✓✓Produce standard and
high-quality products and sell rhem at prices, which make profit
Automation Ans✓✓✓set of technologies that results in the operation of
machines and systems without significant human intervention and
achieves performance superior to manual operation
Control Ans✓✓✓A set of technologies that achieves desired patterns of
variations of operational parameters, and sequence for machines and
systems by providing the necessary input signals
What is an early example of an automatic control system?
Ans✓✓✓James Watts flyball governor. It consists of an error sensor
connected by a negative feedback Loop to a control device which drives
the error to zero, thus maintaining a desired operating point.
What are the operational objectives in a process? Ans✓✓✓Safety,
production specifications/quality, environmental regulations, operational
constraints, economics, greater throughput for a given installed capacity
which leads to greater yield, waste minimization.
Fixed automation Ans✓✓✓Used for fixed and repetitive operations to
achieve high production yield. Once it is set up, it is relatively hard to
change or vary the product design. Therefore, it cannot provide product
variety, but increases the efficiency with higher production rate and
,reduces unit cost. Example: distillation processes, paint, shops,
conveyors
Programmable automation Ans✓✓✓A specific class of changes in the
product are possible, and also assembling or processing operations can
be changed with the modification of the control program in the
automated equipment. This automation is best suited for batch
production process where product volume is medium to high. But in this,
it is hard to change and reconfigure the system for an entirely new
product or sequence of operations. Example: computer numerically
controlled (CNC) machines, papermills, steel, rolling mills, industrial
robots.
Flexible automation Ans✓✓✓This automation system provides the
automatic control equipment that offers a great flexibility for making
changes in the product design. These changes can be performed quickly
through the commands given in the form of codes by the human
operators. This automation allows the manufacturers to produce multiple
products with different ranges as a combine process rather than separate
processes. Examples:automatic, guided vehicles, automobiles, and
multipurpose CNC machines.
Batch process Ans✓✓✓The manufacturing process where the final
product required is produced stage by stage at different workstations (ex:
pharmaceutical industries, food and beverages, paint industries, cement
industries) identical products are produced by means of assembly lines.
The raw materials are same from first product to next
,Continuous process Ans✓✓✓The manufacture process in which all
stages, from the introduction to the raw materials to the processing of the
final product, happen continuously (ex: refineries, chemical plans, blast
furnaces for metals). The raw material is either bulky or fluid in large
quantity. Usually 24/7 besides shutting down for maintenance
Comparing the batch and continuous Ans✓✓✓Continuous - high cost of
factory equipment, high rate of production, rare shut down times, few
people needed, relatively easy ease of automation. Batch - low cost of
factory equipment, low rate of production, often shut down times, many
people needed (to close and open everything), relatively difficult ease of
automation
Examples of control objectives Ans✓✓✓Safety, profit optimization,
environmental protection, equipment protection/extended life of
equipment, smooth plant operation and production rate, product quality,
monitoring and diagnosis, decreased production labor
control system Ans✓✓✓to maintain desired conditions in a physical
system by adjusting selected variables in the system
set point Ans✓✓✓a specific value or range is used as a desired value for
the controlled variable
what does a control system comprise of? Ans✓✓✓primary elements (or
sensors/transmitters), controllers, final control elements (usually control
valves), processes
, Control Variables Ans✓✓✓Variables that quantify the performance or
quality of the final product, act as the set point, also called output
process variables
Manipulated Variables Ans✓✓✓Input variables that are adjusted
dynamically to keep the controlled variables at their set points
Disturbance Variables Ans✓✓✓Variables that can cause the controlled
variables to deviate from their respective set points, also called load
variables
Setpoint Change Ans✓✓✓implementing a change in the operating
conditions
Disturbance Change Ans✓✓✓the process's transient behavior when a
disturbance enters, also called regulatory control or load change
Feedback Control Ans✓✓✓Uses direct measurement of the controlled
variables to adjust the values of the manipulated variables
Feedforward Control Ans✓✓✓Uses direct measurement of the
disturbance to adjust the values of the manipulated variables
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
What are 2 aims in any industrial plant? Ans✓✓✓Produce standard and
high-quality products and sell rhem at prices, which make profit
Automation Ans✓✓✓set of technologies that results in the operation of
machines and systems without significant human intervention and
achieves performance superior to manual operation
Control Ans✓✓✓A set of technologies that achieves desired patterns of
variations of operational parameters, and sequence for machines and
systems by providing the necessary input signals
What is an early example of an automatic control system?
Ans✓✓✓James Watts flyball governor. It consists of an error sensor
connected by a negative feedback Loop to a control device which drives
the error to zero, thus maintaining a desired operating point.
What are the operational objectives in a process? Ans✓✓✓Safety,
production specifications/quality, environmental regulations, operational
constraints, economics, greater throughput for a given installed capacity
which leads to greater yield, waste minimization.
Fixed automation Ans✓✓✓Used for fixed and repetitive operations to
achieve high production yield. Once it is set up, it is relatively hard to
change or vary the product design. Therefore, it cannot provide product
variety, but increases the efficiency with higher production rate and
,reduces unit cost. Example: distillation processes, paint, shops,
conveyors
Programmable automation Ans✓✓✓A specific class of changes in the
product are possible, and also assembling or processing operations can
be changed with the modification of the control program in the
automated equipment. This automation is best suited for batch
production process where product volume is medium to high. But in this,
it is hard to change and reconfigure the system for an entirely new
product or sequence of operations. Example: computer numerically
controlled (CNC) machines, papermills, steel, rolling mills, industrial
robots.
Flexible automation Ans✓✓✓This automation system provides the
automatic control equipment that offers a great flexibility for making
changes in the product design. These changes can be performed quickly
through the commands given in the form of codes by the human
operators. This automation allows the manufacturers to produce multiple
products with different ranges as a combine process rather than separate
processes. Examples:automatic, guided vehicles, automobiles, and
multipurpose CNC machines.
Batch process Ans✓✓✓The manufacturing process where the final
product required is produced stage by stage at different workstations (ex:
pharmaceutical industries, food and beverages, paint industries, cement
industries) identical products are produced by means of assembly lines.
The raw materials are same from first product to next
,Continuous process Ans✓✓✓The manufacture process in which all
stages, from the introduction to the raw materials to the processing of the
final product, happen continuously (ex: refineries, chemical plans, blast
furnaces for metals). The raw material is either bulky or fluid in large
quantity. Usually 24/7 besides shutting down for maintenance
Comparing the batch and continuous Ans✓✓✓Continuous - high cost of
factory equipment, high rate of production, rare shut down times, few
people needed, relatively easy ease of automation. Batch - low cost of
factory equipment, low rate of production, often shut down times, many
people needed (to close and open everything), relatively difficult ease of
automation
Examples of control objectives Ans✓✓✓Safety, profit optimization,
environmental protection, equipment protection/extended life of
equipment, smooth plant operation and production rate, product quality,
monitoring and diagnosis, decreased production labor
control system Ans✓✓✓to maintain desired conditions in a physical
system by adjusting selected variables in the system
set point Ans✓✓✓a specific value or range is used as a desired value for
the controlled variable
what does a control system comprise of? Ans✓✓✓primary elements (or
sensors/transmitters), controllers, final control elements (usually control
valves), processes
, Control Variables Ans✓✓✓Variables that quantify the performance or
quality of the final product, act as the set point, also called output
process variables
Manipulated Variables Ans✓✓✓Input variables that are adjusted
dynamically to keep the controlled variables at their set points
Disturbance Variables Ans✓✓✓Variables that can cause the controlled
variables to deviate from their respective set points, also called load
variables
Setpoint Change Ans✓✓✓implementing a change in the operating
conditions
Disturbance Change Ans✓✓✓the process's transient behavior when a
disturbance enters, also called regulatory control or load change
Feedback Control Ans✓✓✓Uses direct measurement of the controlled
variables to adjust the values of the manipulated variables
Feedforward Control Ans✓✓✓Uses direct measurement of the
disturbance to adjust the values of the manipulated variables
