NR 222 Health & Wellness – 2025–2026 Topics
Focus: Health promotion, disease prevention,
wellness assessment, patient education, and
lifestyle interventions.
Unit 1: Foundations of Health & Wellness
1. What is the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health?
A) The absence of disease or infirmity.
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity. ✓
C) The ability to adapt and manage physical and social challenges.
D) A personal state of optimal physical fitness.
2. The concept of "wellness" is best described as:
A) The same as health.
B) A passive state of being free from illness.
C) An active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more
successful existence. ✓
D) A state achieved only through medical intervention.
3. Which model views health as a dynamic, ever-changing state on a continuum?
A) The Clinical Model
B) The Role Performance Model
C) The Adaptive Model
D) The Eudaimonistic Model ✓
4. The primary focus of health promotion is to:
A) Diagnose and treat existing diseases.
B) Enable people to increase control over and improve their health. ✓
C) Provide rehabilitative care after an illness.
D) Manage chronic conditions.
5. According to Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM), what is a key component that
influences health-promoting behavior?
A) Individual characteristics and experiences. ✓
,B) The severity of symptoms.
C) The cost of medical treatment.
D) The availability of hospital beds.
6. The goal of primary prevention is to:
A) Reduce the impact of an existing disease.
B) Detect a disease in its early stages.
C) Prevent a disease from ever occurring. ✓
D) Provide support for terminally ill patients.
7. A patient receives a flu shot. This is an example of:
A) Primary prevention. ✓
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Health restoration.
8. A mammogram to detect breast cancer early is an example of:
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention. ✓
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Health promotion.
9. A cardiac rehabilitation program for a patient who has had a heart attack is an example of:
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention. ✓
D) Risk factor avoidance.
10. Which of the following is a key principle of the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of
Change)?
A) People change their behavior abruptly and permanently.
B) Change is a cyclical process involving progress and relapse. ✓
C) The model only applies to addiction behaviors.
D) The environment has no impact on an individual's readiness to change.
Unit 2: Health Disparities and Determinants
11. What are health disparities?
A) Differences in health outcomes among patient groups.
B) Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve
optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. ✓
, C) The variety of diseases present in a community.
D) The total number of sick individuals in a country.
12. Which of the following is a social determinant of health?
A) Genetic makeup.
B) Access to educational and economic opportunities. ✓
C) The number of hospitals in a city.
D) A patient's blood type.
13. The concept that a person's health is influenced by a complex interaction of factors at
multiple levels is best described by:
A) The Health Belief Model.
B) The Socio-Ecological Model. ✓
C) The Clinical Model of Health.
D) The Medical Model.
14. Which level of the Socio-Ecological Model includes an individual's knowledge, attitudes,
and skills?
A) Intrapersonal Level ✓
B) Interpersonal Level
C) Community Level
D) Public Policy Level
15. Cultural competence in nursing is best defined as:
A) Treating all patients exactly the same.
B) The ongoing process of applying a universal set of values to all patient interactions.
C) The ability to effectively integrate a patient's cultural background into their care. ✓
D) Speaking multiple languages fluently.
16. A nurse who asks, "What do you believe is the cause of your illness?" is practicing:
A) Stereotyping.
B) Cultural imposition.
C) A cultural assessment. ✓
D) Secondary prevention.
17. Implicit bias refers to:
A) Openly hostile attitudes towards a group.
B) Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an
unconscious manner. ✓
Focus: Health promotion, disease prevention,
wellness assessment, patient education, and
lifestyle interventions.
Unit 1: Foundations of Health & Wellness
1. What is the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health?
A) The absence of disease or infirmity.
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity. ✓
C) The ability to adapt and manage physical and social challenges.
D) A personal state of optimal physical fitness.
2. The concept of "wellness" is best described as:
A) The same as health.
B) A passive state of being free from illness.
C) An active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more
successful existence. ✓
D) A state achieved only through medical intervention.
3. Which model views health as a dynamic, ever-changing state on a continuum?
A) The Clinical Model
B) The Role Performance Model
C) The Adaptive Model
D) The Eudaimonistic Model ✓
4. The primary focus of health promotion is to:
A) Diagnose and treat existing diseases.
B) Enable people to increase control over and improve their health. ✓
C) Provide rehabilitative care after an illness.
D) Manage chronic conditions.
5. According to Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM), what is a key component that
influences health-promoting behavior?
A) Individual characteristics and experiences. ✓
,B) The severity of symptoms.
C) The cost of medical treatment.
D) The availability of hospital beds.
6. The goal of primary prevention is to:
A) Reduce the impact of an existing disease.
B) Detect a disease in its early stages.
C) Prevent a disease from ever occurring. ✓
D) Provide support for terminally ill patients.
7. A patient receives a flu shot. This is an example of:
A) Primary prevention. ✓
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Health restoration.
8. A mammogram to detect breast cancer early is an example of:
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention. ✓
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Health promotion.
9. A cardiac rehabilitation program for a patient who has had a heart attack is an example of:
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention. ✓
D) Risk factor avoidance.
10. Which of the following is a key principle of the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of
Change)?
A) People change their behavior abruptly and permanently.
B) Change is a cyclical process involving progress and relapse. ✓
C) The model only applies to addiction behaviors.
D) The environment has no impact on an individual's readiness to change.
Unit 2: Health Disparities and Determinants
11. What are health disparities?
A) Differences in health outcomes among patient groups.
B) Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve
optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. ✓
, C) The variety of diseases present in a community.
D) The total number of sick individuals in a country.
12. Which of the following is a social determinant of health?
A) Genetic makeup.
B) Access to educational and economic opportunities. ✓
C) The number of hospitals in a city.
D) A patient's blood type.
13. The concept that a person's health is influenced by a complex interaction of factors at
multiple levels is best described by:
A) The Health Belief Model.
B) The Socio-Ecological Model. ✓
C) The Clinical Model of Health.
D) The Medical Model.
14. Which level of the Socio-Ecological Model includes an individual's knowledge, attitudes,
and skills?
A) Intrapersonal Level ✓
B) Interpersonal Level
C) Community Level
D) Public Policy Level
15. Cultural competence in nursing is best defined as:
A) Treating all patients exactly the same.
B) The ongoing process of applying a universal set of values to all patient interactions.
C) The ability to effectively integrate a patient's cultural background into their care. ✓
D) Speaking multiple languages fluently.
16. A nurse who asks, "What do you believe is the cause of your illness?" is practicing:
A) Stereotyping.
B) Cultural imposition.
C) A cultural assessment. ✓
D) Secondary prevention.
17. Implicit bias refers to:
A) Openly hostile attitudes towards a group.
B) Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an
unconscious manner. ✓
