UBC PSYC 304 - BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR MIDTERM 1
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
10 scientific method Correct Answers 1. observation
2. idea
3. consult past research
4. hypothesis
5. design study
6. ethical approval
7. collect data
8. analyze data
9. modify and repeat (if hypothesis is wrong), or
10. consider implications of result, build theories
1st experiment in behavioral endocrinology Correct Answers
Arnold Berthold showed the effects of castration were due to a
loss of hormones from the testes. when roosters are castrated as
juveniles, they fail to develop normal reproductive behavior and
second sexual characteristics. however, if one of the testes was
reimplanted into the abdominal cavity immediately after its
removal, the rooster developed normal wattles and behavior.
Berthold concluded that the testes release a chemical
(testosterone) into the blood that affects both male behavior and
male body structures. the crucial point is that the testosterone
must be present early in life to have such dramatic effects on the
adult body and behavior
2 adrenal glands Correct Answers adrenal cortex and adrenal
medulla
,2 autonomical groups of nerves in the SNS Correct Answers
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
2 criteria of a good theory or hypothesis Correct Answers need
to be falsifiable and can facilitate further research
2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system Correct Answers
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
2 dompaminergic axons Correct Answers mesolimbocortical
and mesostriatal pathway
2 excitatory neurotransmitters Correct Answers glutamate and
aspartate
2 glands that secretes hormones Correct Answers endocrine and
exocrine glands
2 inhibitory neurotransmitters Correct Answers GABA and
glycine
2 main clusters of neurons that release norepinepherine (NE)
Correct Answers locus coeruleus and noradrenergic
2 methods of acquiring knowledge Correct Answers authority
and intuition
2 pituitary glands Correct Answers anterior and posterior
2 types of research Correct Answers basic and applied research
,2 ways of ion channels opening Correct Answers ionotropic
receptor and metabotropic receptors
3 complex feedback systems Correct Answers HPT, HPA and
HPG axis
3 components of synapse Correct Answers Presynaptic
membrane, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane
3 cranial nerves responsible for sensory pathways Correct
Answers Olfactory nerve conveys smell
Optic nerve carries visual information
Vestibulochochlear nerve is concerned with hearing and balance
3 effects of ligands Correct Answers agonist, antagonist and
inverse antagonist
3 limited explanatory power Correct Answers hindsight bias,
post-hoc explanations, dunning-kruger effect
3 major divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Correct
Answers sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous
system and enteric nervous system
3 principal types of neurons Correct Answers Multipolar
neurons, bipolar neurons, unipolar neurons
3 requirements of causality Correct Answers covariation of
cause and effect, temporal precedence, no more plausible
alternative explanation
, 4 basic form of glial cells Correct Answers astrocyte, microglial
cells, Oligodendrocyte and schwann cell
4 endocrine feedback loops Correct Answers autocrine
feedback, target cell feedback, brain regulation, brain and
pituitary regulation
4 general categories of variables Correct Answers 1. mediating
variable (IV)
2. response variable (DV)
3. situational variables
4. participants variable
4 structural divisions found in all neurons Correct Answers
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
5 cranial nerves responsible for motor pathways Correct
Answers Oculomotor
Triochlear
Abducens
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
6 chemical communication Correct Answers endocrine,
neurocrine, autocrine, paracrine, pheromones and allomones
communication
8 major endocrine structures Correct Answers hypothalamus,
pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas,
gut and gonads
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
10 scientific method Correct Answers 1. observation
2. idea
3. consult past research
4. hypothesis
5. design study
6. ethical approval
7. collect data
8. analyze data
9. modify and repeat (if hypothesis is wrong), or
10. consider implications of result, build theories
1st experiment in behavioral endocrinology Correct Answers
Arnold Berthold showed the effects of castration were due to a
loss of hormones from the testes. when roosters are castrated as
juveniles, they fail to develop normal reproductive behavior and
second sexual characteristics. however, if one of the testes was
reimplanted into the abdominal cavity immediately after its
removal, the rooster developed normal wattles and behavior.
Berthold concluded that the testes release a chemical
(testosterone) into the blood that affects both male behavior and
male body structures. the crucial point is that the testosterone
must be present early in life to have such dramatic effects on the
adult body and behavior
2 adrenal glands Correct Answers adrenal cortex and adrenal
medulla
,2 autonomical groups of nerves in the SNS Correct Answers
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
2 criteria of a good theory or hypothesis Correct Answers need
to be falsifiable and can facilitate further research
2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system Correct Answers
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
2 dompaminergic axons Correct Answers mesolimbocortical
and mesostriatal pathway
2 excitatory neurotransmitters Correct Answers glutamate and
aspartate
2 glands that secretes hormones Correct Answers endocrine and
exocrine glands
2 inhibitory neurotransmitters Correct Answers GABA and
glycine
2 main clusters of neurons that release norepinepherine (NE)
Correct Answers locus coeruleus and noradrenergic
2 methods of acquiring knowledge Correct Answers authority
and intuition
2 pituitary glands Correct Answers anterior and posterior
2 types of research Correct Answers basic and applied research
,2 ways of ion channels opening Correct Answers ionotropic
receptor and metabotropic receptors
3 complex feedback systems Correct Answers HPT, HPA and
HPG axis
3 components of synapse Correct Answers Presynaptic
membrane, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane
3 cranial nerves responsible for sensory pathways Correct
Answers Olfactory nerve conveys smell
Optic nerve carries visual information
Vestibulochochlear nerve is concerned with hearing and balance
3 effects of ligands Correct Answers agonist, antagonist and
inverse antagonist
3 limited explanatory power Correct Answers hindsight bias,
post-hoc explanations, dunning-kruger effect
3 major divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Correct
Answers sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous
system and enteric nervous system
3 principal types of neurons Correct Answers Multipolar
neurons, bipolar neurons, unipolar neurons
3 requirements of causality Correct Answers covariation of
cause and effect, temporal precedence, no more plausible
alternative explanation
, 4 basic form of glial cells Correct Answers astrocyte, microglial
cells, Oligodendrocyte and schwann cell
4 endocrine feedback loops Correct Answers autocrine
feedback, target cell feedback, brain regulation, brain and
pituitary regulation
4 general categories of variables Correct Answers 1. mediating
variable (IV)
2. response variable (DV)
3. situational variables
4. participants variable
4 structural divisions found in all neurons Correct Answers
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
5 cranial nerves responsible for motor pathways Correct
Answers Oculomotor
Triochlear
Abducens
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
6 chemical communication Correct Answers endocrine,
neurocrine, autocrine, paracrine, pheromones and allomones
communication
8 major endocrine structures Correct Answers hypothalamus,
pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas,
gut and gonads
