RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOHN P. LAMPIGNANO
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A technologist must image a patient’s chest while minimizing
magnification of the heart. Which projection and receptor
arrangement best accomplish this?
Options
A. AP erect, image receptor anterior to the patient
B. PA erect, image receptor anterior to the patient
C. AP erect, image receptor posterior to the patient
D. PA erect, image receptor posterior to the patient
,Correct Answer
D
Rationales
• Correct (D): A PA erect projection places the heart closer
to the image receptor (posterior surface of the patient
against the IR), reducing OID and therefore minimizing
magnification. This is the preferred chest projection for
accurate heart size representation.
• Incorrect (A): AP erect places the heart farther from the IR
(increased OID) and increases magnification.
• Incorrect (B): PA erect with the IR anterior to the patient is
not standard — the IR must be posterior (against the back)
for a PA projection.
• Incorrect (C): AP erect with IR posterior to the patient still
results in increased OID and heart magnification compared
with PA.
Teaching Point
PA chest projection reduces cardiac magnification by minimizing
object-to-IR distance.
Citation (simplified APA)
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
,Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A lateral projection of the lumbar spine is ordered. The
technologist must ensure true lateral alignment. Which
anatomic reference should be positioned perpendicular to the
image receptor?
Options
A. Midsagittal plane
B. Midcoronal plane
C. Transverse plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): For a true lateral, the midcoronal plane (which
divides anterior/posterior) is perpendicular to the IR and
aligns the patient’s sides; the midsagittal plane is parallel
to the plane of the IR.
• Incorrect (A): The midsagittal plane divides left/right; for a
lateral it should be parallel to the IR, not perpendicular.
, • Incorrect (C): The transverse plane divides
superior/inferior; it is not the primary reference for lateral
alignment.
• Incorrect (D): “Oblique plane” is nonspecific and not the
standard reference for true lateral positioning.
Teaching Point
True lateral requires the midcoronal plane perpendicular to the
IR and the midsagittal plane parallel.
Citation (simplified APA)
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
During positioning for an AP pelvic radiograph, the tech is asked
to internally rotate the femurs 15–20 degrees. What is the
primary anatomic rationale?
Options
A. To superimpose the greater trochanters over the femoral
necks
B. To place the femoral necks parallel to the IR and reduce
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOHN P. LAMPIGNANO
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A technologist must image a patient’s chest while minimizing
magnification of the heart. Which projection and receptor
arrangement best accomplish this?
Options
A. AP erect, image receptor anterior to the patient
B. PA erect, image receptor anterior to the patient
C. AP erect, image receptor posterior to the patient
D. PA erect, image receptor posterior to the patient
,Correct Answer
D
Rationales
• Correct (D): A PA erect projection places the heart closer
to the image receptor (posterior surface of the patient
against the IR), reducing OID and therefore minimizing
magnification. This is the preferred chest projection for
accurate heart size representation.
• Incorrect (A): AP erect places the heart farther from the IR
(increased OID) and increases magnification.
• Incorrect (B): PA erect with the IR anterior to the patient is
not standard — the IR must be posterior (against the back)
for a PA projection.
• Incorrect (C): AP erect with IR posterior to the patient still
results in increased OID and heart magnification compared
with PA.
Teaching Point
PA chest projection reduces cardiac magnification by minimizing
object-to-IR distance.
Citation (simplified APA)
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
,Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
A lateral projection of the lumbar spine is ordered. The
technologist must ensure true lateral alignment. Which
anatomic reference should be positioned perpendicular to the
image receptor?
Options
A. Midsagittal plane
B. Midcoronal plane
C. Transverse plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): For a true lateral, the midcoronal plane (which
divides anterior/posterior) is perpendicular to the IR and
aligns the patient’s sides; the midsagittal plane is parallel
to the plane of the IR.
• Incorrect (A): The midsagittal plane divides left/right; for a
lateral it should be parallel to the IR, not perpendicular.
, • Incorrect (C): The transverse plane divides
superior/inferior; it is not the primary reference for lateral
alignment.
• Incorrect (D): “Oblique plane” is nonspecific and not the
standard reference for true lateral positioning.
Teaching Point
True lateral requires the midcoronal plane perpendicular to the
IR and the midsagittal plane parallel.
Citation (simplified APA)
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — PART ONE Terminology and Positioning — Positioning
Terminology
Question Stem
During positioning for an AP pelvic radiograph, the tech is asked
to internally rotate the femurs 15–20 degrees. What is the
primary anatomic rationale?
Options
A. To superimpose the greater trochanters over the femoral
necks
B. To place the femoral necks parallel to the IR and reduce
