PSYCH 210 OTAGO STUDY GUIDE
Rules - Answer -Set of guidelines for data collection
Tools - Answer -Summarising collected data
Theory - Answer -Statistical methods
Early psychology - Answer -Philosophy
Duality - Answer -Mind separate from body
Structuralism - Answer -Breaking mental events into their components
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer -Developed structuralism
William James - Answer -Wrote the Principles of Psychology, posed theories of
emotion and cognition, believed a spiritual mind was controlled by a physical brain.
The scientific method - Answer -There is order to the universe
Goal of psychology - Answer -To understand and predict behaviour
Description - Answer -Describing a behaviour
Explanation - Answer -Why a behaviour occured
Prediction - Answer -Predicting the behaviour in the future
Control - Answer -Causing the behaviour to occur at will
Authority approach - Answer -Seeking knowledge from sources thought to be reliable in
valid
Authority approach - example - Answer -Referring to well known psychologists
Authority approach - Issues - Answer -Should not follow this approach blindly
Analogy approach - Answer -Comparing to something to well known example
Analogy approach - example - Answer -The brain is like a computer
Analogy approach - Issues - Answer -Open to interpretation
Rule approach - Answer -Deriving from a rule from multiple observations
, Rule approach - example - Answer -It always rains when it is rainy
Rule approach - issues - Answer -Can be followed blindly, requires critical thinking
Empirical approach - Answer -Testing ideas against actual events
Empirical approach - example - Answer -Observing behaviours and drawing
conclusions
Empirical approach - issues - Answer -Nothing, they're dope
Hypothesis - Answer -Idea or tentative guess
A hypothesis must be... - Answer -Testable and falsifiable
The flow of scientific research - Answer -Generate hypothesis -> devise and conduct
study -> analyse results -> Support or dis-confirm hypothesis ->
Causation - Answer -Does one thing directly cause another?
Causation is found if.. - Answer -Changing one thing causes a change in another and
no other cause for the change is possible
Population - Answer -Members of a specific group
Sample - Answer -Smaller subset of population used for experimenting
Representative sample - Answer -Characteristics and behaviour of sample reflect
population
Descriptive statistics - Answer -Summarising data from sample
Inferential statistics - Answer -Generalising sample data to population
Dependent variable - Answer -Measurement taken
Depends of what participant does
Operational definition - Answer -Indirectly testing something
Operational definition - example - Answer -IQ test - intelligence
Property of interest - Answer -What you are trying to measure
e.g. intelligence
Rules - Answer -Set of guidelines for data collection
Tools - Answer -Summarising collected data
Theory - Answer -Statistical methods
Early psychology - Answer -Philosophy
Duality - Answer -Mind separate from body
Structuralism - Answer -Breaking mental events into their components
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer -Developed structuralism
William James - Answer -Wrote the Principles of Psychology, posed theories of
emotion and cognition, believed a spiritual mind was controlled by a physical brain.
The scientific method - Answer -There is order to the universe
Goal of psychology - Answer -To understand and predict behaviour
Description - Answer -Describing a behaviour
Explanation - Answer -Why a behaviour occured
Prediction - Answer -Predicting the behaviour in the future
Control - Answer -Causing the behaviour to occur at will
Authority approach - Answer -Seeking knowledge from sources thought to be reliable in
valid
Authority approach - example - Answer -Referring to well known psychologists
Authority approach - Issues - Answer -Should not follow this approach blindly
Analogy approach - Answer -Comparing to something to well known example
Analogy approach - example - Answer -The brain is like a computer
Analogy approach - Issues - Answer -Open to interpretation
Rule approach - Answer -Deriving from a rule from multiple observations
, Rule approach - example - Answer -It always rains when it is rainy
Rule approach - issues - Answer -Can be followed blindly, requires critical thinking
Empirical approach - Answer -Testing ideas against actual events
Empirical approach - example - Answer -Observing behaviours and drawing
conclusions
Empirical approach - issues - Answer -Nothing, they're dope
Hypothesis - Answer -Idea or tentative guess
A hypothesis must be... - Answer -Testable and falsifiable
The flow of scientific research - Answer -Generate hypothesis -> devise and conduct
study -> analyse results -> Support or dis-confirm hypothesis ->
Causation - Answer -Does one thing directly cause another?
Causation is found if.. - Answer -Changing one thing causes a change in another and
no other cause for the change is possible
Population - Answer -Members of a specific group
Sample - Answer -Smaller subset of population used for experimenting
Representative sample - Answer -Characteristics and behaviour of sample reflect
population
Descriptive statistics - Answer -Summarising data from sample
Inferential statistics - Answer -Generalising sample data to population
Dependent variable - Answer -Measurement taken
Depends of what participant does
Operational definition - Answer -Indirectly testing something
Operational definition - example - Answer -IQ test - intelligence
Property of interest - Answer -What you are trying to measure
e.g. intelligence
