Genetics Exam test quiz and
answers graded A+
What is a gene? - ANS✅✅a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the
order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a
cell (or virus) may synthesize.
unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some
characteristic of the offspring.
Genome? - ANS✅✅Broad - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material within an
organisms cell.
Narrow - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material found in the nucleus (nuclear
genome) of a eukaryotic organisms cell.
What is genome size measure in? - ANS✅✅pg (picograms)
What is the physical map measured in? - ANS✅✅Mb (megabases)
How many pg (picograms) does the human genome have? - ANS✅✅about 3.2 pg of DNA
Non-coding features of genes: - ANS✅✅-TRNA (Transfer RNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (protein still present, but protein's function is to protect the ribosomal RNA)
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANS✅✅23!!!
-becomes 46 after replication
What are the several types of genomes? - ANS✅✅1.) Eukaryotic
2.) Prokaryotic
3.) Endosymbionts
4.) Hologenome
Endosymbionts - ANS✅✅ex: mitochondria & chloroplast
, -non-nuclear genome
-all eukaryotic organisms have endosymbionts
Prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) - ANS✅✅-usually small -> ~5Mb or less
-Single circular chromosome + plasmids
-origin is circular genomes
Eukaryotic (plants, animals, & fungi) - ANS✅✅-Wide range in size (~6 Mb-150Gb)
-Fungi have smallest, plants have largest
-Divided into linear chromosomes
Chromosome - ANS✅✅-Linear piece of DNA that makes up a portion of a eukaryotic nuclear
genome
-Chromatin (2 types) -> complex of CNA and proteins
-Centromere
-Arms
-Telomere
Chromatin Type: Euchromatin - ANS✅✅Lightly packed, gene rich
Chromatin Type: Heterochromatin - ANS✅✅Densely packed, gene poor
Chromosome arms - ANS✅✅p = short arm
q = long arm
Telomere - ANS✅✅terminal
Metacentric Centromere - ANS✅✅equal
Submetacentric Centromere - ANS✅✅unequal
answers graded A+
What is a gene? - ANS✅✅a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the
order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a
cell (or virus) may synthesize.
unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some
characteristic of the offspring.
Genome? - ANS✅✅Broad - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material within an
organisms cell.
Narrow - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material found in the nucleus (nuclear
genome) of a eukaryotic organisms cell.
What is genome size measure in? - ANS✅✅pg (picograms)
What is the physical map measured in? - ANS✅✅Mb (megabases)
How many pg (picograms) does the human genome have? - ANS✅✅about 3.2 pg of DNA
Non-coding features of genes: - ANS✅✅-TRNA (Transfer RNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (protein still present, but protein's function is to protect the ribosomal RNA)
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANS✅✅23!!!
-becomes 46 after replication
What are the several types of genomes? - ANS✅✅1.) Eukaryotic
2.) Prokaryotic
3.) Endosymbionts
4.) Hologenome
Endosymbionts - ANS✅✅ex: mitochondria & chloroplast
, -non-nuclear genome
-all eukaryotic organisms have endosymbionts
Prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) - ANS✅✅-usually small -> ~5Mb or less
-Single circular chromosome + plasmids
-origin is circular genomes
Eukaryotic (plants, animals, & fungi) - ANS✅✅-Wide range in size (~6 Mb-150Gb)
-Fungi have smallest, plants have largest
-Divided into linear chromosomes
Chromosome - ANS✅✅-Linear piece of DNA that makes up a portion of a eukaryotic nuclear
genome
-Chromatin (2 types) -> complex of CNA and proteins
-Centromere
-Arms
-Telomere
Chromatin Type: Euchromatin - ANS✅✅Lightly packed, gene rich
Chromatin Type: Heterochromatin - ANS✅✅Densely packed, gene poor
Chromosome arms - ANS✅✅p = short arm
q = long arm
Telomere - ANS✅✅terminal
Metacentric Centromere - ANS✅✅equal
Submetacentric Centromere - ANS✅✅unequal
