NUR 216 exam 2 Questions with well
solved solutions
Epidermis - ANSWER>>outer highly differential layer
basal cell layer forms new skin cells
outer cell layer of dead keratinized cells
Dermis - ANSWER>>inner supportive layer
connective tissue or collagen
elastic tissue
Subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue - ANSWER>>under the epidermis and
dermis
Expected findings: Skin Color - ANSWER>>pigmentation even and consistent
appropriate for ethnicity
skin exposure to then sun have increased pigmentation
Hyperpigmentation - ANSWER>>birthmarks
sun damage
freckles
tan lines
hypopigmentation - ANSWER>>scars
stretch marks
vitiligo
Unexpected Findings: Skin Color - ANSWER>>pallor - anemia shock, lack of blood
flow
erythema - inflammation, vasodilation, sun exposure, rash
cyanosis - hypoxia, impaired venous return
,jaundice - liver dysfunction, RBC destruction, yellow vegetables
vascular lesions
skin cancer lesions
Expected Findings: Skin Temperature - ANSWER>>use dorsal part of hand
skin should be warm, equal bilaterally
hands and feet may be slightly cooler in a cold environment
Unexpected Findings: Skin Temperature - ANSWER>>hyperthermia and
hypothermia
Expected Findings: Skin Moisture - ANSWER>>Dry, moist
Unexpected Findings: Skin Moisture - ANSWER>>Diaphoretic
Expected Findings: Skin Texture - ANSWER>>Smooth, no abnormal lesion
Unexpected Findings: Skin Texture - ANSWER>>velvety skin - thyroid disease
roughness and dryness - xerosis
flakiness - dehydration
Expected Finding: Skin Turgor - ANSWER>>under 3 sec
Unexpected Finding: Skin Turgor - ANSWER>>Tenting - Dehydration
Edema
Edema - ANSWER>>skin appears shiny and taut
Legs, arms, abdomen
Edema score - ANSWER>>+1 - 2mm rapid return
+2 - 4mm 10-15 sec return
+3 - 6 mm prolonged return
+4 - 8 mm prolonged return
, vascular lesions result from - ANSWER>>blood leaking from blood vessels into the
dermis
vascular lesions - ANSWER>>petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura
petechiae - ANSWER>>infection or trauma
tiny pinpoint hemorrhages
ecchymosis - ANSWER>>bruise caused by bleeding under the skin or mucous
membranes
can change color during healing
purpura - ANSWER>>platelet disorders
hemorrhagic red or purple spot or rash
ABCDE - ANSWER>>A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving
Primary lesions - ANSWER>>Lesions that occur in reaction to external or internal
environment
Macule - ANSWER>>circular, small, flat, non-palpable spot less than 1 cm in
diameter
colors: Red, brown, white
Shapes: Different
Example: Freckles
Papule - ANSWER>>solid, elevated, spot that appears rough in texture and
measures less than 1 cm in diameter
solved solutions
Epidermis - ANSWER>>outer highly differential layer
basal cell layer forms new skin cells
outer cell layer of dead keratinized cells
Dermis - ANSWER>>inner supportive layer
connective tissue or collagen
elastic tissue
Subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue - ANSWER>>under the epidermis and
dermis
Expected findings: Skin Color - ANSWER>>pigmentation even and consistent
appropriate for ethnicity
skin exposure to then sun have increased pigmentation
Hyperpigmentation - ANSWER>>birthmarks
sun damage
freckles
tan lines
hypopigmentation - ANSWER>>scars
stretch marks
vitiligo
Unexpected Findings: Skin Color - ANSWER>>pallor - anemia shock, lack of blood
flow
erythema - inflammation, vasodilation, sun exposure, rash
cyanosis - hypoxia, impaired venous return
,jaundice - liver dysfunction, RBC destruction, yellow vegetables
vascular lesions
skin cancer lesions
Expected Findings: Skin Temperature - ANSWER>>use dorsal part of hand
skin should be warm, equal bilaterally
hands and feet may be slightly cooler in a cold environment
Unexpected Findings: Skin Temperature - ANSWER>>hyperthermia and
hypothermia
Expected Findings: Skin Moisture - ANSWER>>Dry, moist
Unexpected Findings: Skin Moisture - ANSWER>>Diaphoretic
Expected Findings: Skin Texture - ANSWER>>Smooth, no abnormal lesion
Unexpected Findings: Skin Texture - ANSWER>>velvety skin - thyroid disease
roughness and dryness - xerosis
flakiness - dehydration
Expected Finding: Skin Turgor - ANSWER>>under 3 sec
Unexpected Finding: Skin Turgor - ANSWER>>Tenting - Dehydration
Edema
Edema - ANSWER>>skin appears shiny and taut
Legs, arms, abdomen
Edema score - ANSWER>>+1 - 2mm rapid return
+2 - 4mm 10-15 sec return
+3 - 6 mm prolonged return
+4 - 8 mm prolonged return
, vascular lesions result from - ANSWER>>blood leaking from blood vessels into the
dermis
vascular lesions - ANSWER>>petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura
petechiae - ANSWER>>infection or trauma
tiny pinpoint hemorrhages
ecchymosis - ANSWER>>bruise caused by bleeding under the skin or mucous
membranes
can change color during healing
purpura - ANSWER>>platelet disorders
hemorrhagic red or purple spot or rash
ABCDE - ANSWER>>A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving
Primary lesions - ANSWER>>Lesions that occur in reaction to external or internal
environment
Macule - ANSWER>>circular, small, flat, non-palpable spot less than 1 cm in
diameter
colors: Red, brown, white
Shapes: Different
Example: Freckles
Papule - ANSWER>>solid, elevated, spot that appears rough in texture and
measures less than 1 cm in diameter
