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PSYC 230 – Cognitive Psychology Exam 1 Review (160+ Questions) | Sensation, Perception, Pain, Smell, Taste | University of Illinois (UIUC)

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This exam-focused guide for PSYC 230: Cognitive Psychology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) provides over 160 verified questions and answers, ideal for thorough preparation for Exam 1 in the 2025/2026 academic year. Graded A+ and formatted for clarity, this resource covers the core principles of sensory and perceptual systems, with a special emphasis on neuroscience, psychophysics, and applied cognition. The material explores the nature of sensation and perception, psychophysical measurement methods (thresholds, signal detection theory, magnitude estimation), and the function and anatomy of sensory systems. Key coverage includes: Touch and somatosensation: mechanoreceptors (Merkel, Ruffini, Meissner, Pacinian), thermoreceptors, proprioception, and the somatosensory cortex Pain mechanisms: nociceptors (A-delta and C-fibers), inflammatory vs. neuropathic pain, gate control theory, analgesia, phantom limb, emotional and empathetic pain Olfactory system: olfactory epithelium, anosmia, odor habituation, trigeminal nerve involvement, pheromones, and the connection between smell and memory Gustation: taste buds, papillae, five basic tastes (plus oleogustus), individual differences in taste sensitivity (supertasters), and social influences on flavor perception The guide also introduces classical theories and contributors (Aristotle, Fechner, Helmholtz, Hering, Weber), Gestalt laws of organization, and brain anatomy relevant to perception (occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes). Practical examples—such as the rubber hand illusion, Pinocchio illusion, and phantosmia—are used to enhance understanding of complex concepts, making this guide a powerful tool for academic success. Best suited for: Students at UIUC enrolled in PSYC 230 or related cognitive psychology courses Undergraduates in neuroscience, psychology, pre-med, or health sciences Anyone seeking a neuroscience-based, exam-aligned sensory and perceptual review Keywords: sensation, perception, psychophysics, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain pathways, gate control theory, nociceptors, olfaction, anosmia, phantosmia, taste perception, papillae, supertasters, phantom limb, rubber hand illusion, signal detection theory, proprioception, somatosensory cortex, PSYC 230, UIUC

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November 17, 2025
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Written in
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PSYC230 Exam #1 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+



are there really 5 senses? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔no; vision, hearing, smell,

taste, light touch, pressure, cold, heat, pain, itch, vestibular, proprioception


sensation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔registration of a physical stimulus on sensory

receptors; leads to perception


perception - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the process of creating conscious perceptual

experience from sensations


neural transduction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔receptors, transduction, neural

response


receptors - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔specialized neural cells


transduction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔transforming into neural signal

,neural response - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔


Aristotle and the 5 senses - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Aristotle illusion and motion

aftereffect


Aristotle illusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In the illustration, we see two crossed

fingers and a pencil touching in the middle. In this illusion, we feel as if we

have been touched by two pencils rather than one.


motion aftereffect - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a visual illusion experienced after

viewing a moving visual stimulus for a time with stationary eyes, and then

fixating on a stationary stimulus


Thomas Young - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔colors are coded by three different kinds

of nerve fibers; light is a wave


Johannes Mueller - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔doctrine of specific nerve energies


neural habituation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔neural responses to stimuli are

suppressed overtime


perceptual aftereffects - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dedicated neurons "represent"

particular stimulus; neurons get tired; without "full" contribution perception

is off

, Von Helmholtz - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔perception is constructed from both

senses and cognitive processes; unconscious inference; three basic color

receptors


Hering - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔colors are perceived through 2 pairs of opposing

colors (four primary colors, not three); measured speed of neural

transmission


Weber's Law - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the just-noticeable difference between two

stimuli is related to the magnitude or strength of the stimuli (ex. pencil on

paper vs. book)


JND - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔larger stimulus = larger JND; smaller stimulus =

smaller JND


Fencher - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔father of psychophysics, the study of relation

between physical stimuli and the perception they elicit


psychophysics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the study of the relation between physical

stimuli and perception


Fencher's Law - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the relationship between physical stimuli

and perception is logarithmic - eventually, perception caps out



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