Page |1 Page |2
Ans: Preload CVP decreased, SVR afterload increased, CI
ANCC Adult Gerontology Acute Care
decreased, Oxygen delivery Decreased, Venous Oxygen
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest saturation increased
Update / Already Graded
Cardiac Index
Types of hypovolemic shock
Ans: 2-4
Ans: Hemorrhage, burns, pancreatitis
SVR/Afterload
Cardiogenic shock parameters
Ans: 800-1200
Ans: CVP preload increased, SVR afterload increased, CI
decreased, oxygen delivery decreased, SV02 decreased
MAP
Ans: mean CVx80/CO Types of cardiogenic shock
Ans: Post mi, malignant dysrhythmia, acute myocarditis
PA pressure
Ans: 15-30 Obstructive shock parameters
Ans: Preload either, SVR increased, CI decreased, oxygen
Wedge PCWP pressure delivery decreased, SV02 decreased
Ans: 6-12
Types of obstructive shock
Hypovolemic Shock Parameters Ans: Tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE
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, Page |3 Page |4
Fractional Excretion of NA >2%
Distributive shock parameters Ans: ATN (acute tubular necrosis)
Ans: Preload CVP decreased, afterload SVR decreased, CI
increased, SV02 decreased, oxygen delivery increased CPP equation
Ans: MAP-ICP
Types of distributive shock
Ans: Septic shock, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock
SIADH Hyposmolar hyponatremia "inappropriate water retention"
Ans: serum sodium low, serum osmo low <280, urine osmo high
CVP Preload >100, no dehydration, tx restrict fluids
Ans: 2-8 if neuro symptoms give 3%NS
Cardiac Output DI Hyperosmolar hypernatremia dry
Ans: 4-8 Ans: Serum sodium high, serum osmo high >290, urine osmo
low <100, urine spec grave 1.005 (urine is like water), urine
sodium >20, dehydration, if serum Na >150 give D5W to replace
MAP ½ volume deficit in 12-24 hours, avoid rapid lowering of Na,
DDAVP for acute situations
Ans: 70-90
Serum Osmo
Fractional Excretion of NA <1%
Ans: 280
Ans: Prerenal state of kidney dysfunction (i.e. dehydration)
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, Page |5 Page |6
Urine Osmo Ans: 02, sitting up, morphine 2-4mg, Lasix 40, another Lasix 40
if needed
Ans: 300-800
Left heart failure
Sodium
Ans: LUNGS, dyspnea at rest, rales, wheezing, generally
Ans: ~140
healthy except acute event, S3, murmur of mitral regurg
Total cholesterol
Right heart failure
Ans: <200
Ans: JVD, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema
Triglycerides
MR ASS
Ans: <150
Ans: Mitral regurg, aortic stenosis, systolic murmurs
HDL
MS ARD
Ans: >40
Ans: Mitral Stenosis, aortic regurg, diastolic
LDL
Mitral murmur locations
Ans: <100
Ans: 5th ICS, apex
Management of pulm edema
Aortic murmur locations
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, Page |7 Page |8
Ans: 2nd or 3rd ICS, base Deficient cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone,
hyperpigmentation in buccal mucosa, tanning, HYPOtension,
scant hair, HYPOglycemia, HYPOnatremia, HYPERkalemia,
S1 cosyntropin is the rule out for addison's, manage: referral,
glucorticoid, hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone inpatient:
Ans: AV valves closed, SL open
hydrocortisone and fluids
S2
HYPERthyroidism/Grave's
Ans: SL closed, AV open
Ans: TSH LOW, T3 High, Grave's Disease, bulgy eyes, weight
loss, fine thin hair, smooth skin, a fib
Cardiac blood flow Specialist referral, propranolol, methimazole, PTU, lugol's
Ans: SVC,RA, tricuspid, RV, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral, LV, Aortic valve, aorta, body Thyroid crisis
Ans: PTU or Methimazole with adjunct within 1 hour Lugol's
Cushing's propranolol, hydrocortisone
Ans: Moon face, buffalo hump, hypertension, HYPERglycemia, No ASA
HYPERnatremia, HYPOkalemia, tx depends on cause (stop
meds, tumor)
Hypothyroidism
Ans: (TSH assay most sensitive test) TSH ELEVATED, T4 LOW
Addison's ADRENOcorticoid deficiency
hasimototo's most common, LOW AND SLOW, cold
Ans: Remember: SEX, SALT, and SUGAR intolerance, weight fain, brittle nails, brady, hypoactive BS,
Levothyroxine 50-100mcg
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
Ans: Preload CVP decreased, SVR afterload increased, CI
ANCC Adult Gerontology Acute Care
decreased, Oxygen delivery Decreased, Venous Oxygen
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest saturation increased
Update / Already Graded
Cardiac Index
Types of hypovolemic shock
Ans: 2-4
Ans: Hemorrhage, burns, pancreatitis
SVR/Afterload
Cardiogenic shock parameters
Ans: 800-1200
Ans: CVP preload increased, SVR afterload increased, CI
decreased, oxygen delivery decreased, SV02 decreased
MAP
Ans: mean CVx80/CO Types of cardiogenic shock
Ans: Post mi, malignant dysrhythmia, acute myocarditis
PA pressure
Ans: 15-30 Obstructive shock parameters
Ans: Preload either, SVR increased, CI decreased, oxygen
Wedge PCWP pressure delivery decreased, SV02 decreased
Ans: 6-12
Types of obstructive shock
Hypovolemic Shock Parameters Ans: Tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3 Page |4
Fractional Excretion of NA >2%
Distributive shock parameters Ans: ATN (acute tubular necrosis)
Ans: Preload CVP decreased, afterload SVR decreased, CI
increased, SV02 decreased, oxygen delivery increased CPP equation
Ans: MAP-ICP
Types of distributive shock
Ans: Septic shock, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock
SIADH Hyposmolar hyponatremia "inappropriate water retention"
Ans: serum sodium low, serum osmo low <280, urine osmo high
CVP Preload >100, no dehydration, tx restrict fluids
Ans: 2-8 if neuro symptoms give 3%NS
Cardiac Output DI Hyperosmolar hypernatremia dry
Ans: 4-8 Ans: Serum sodium high, serum osmo high >290, urine osmo
low <100, urine spec grave 1.005 (urine is like water), urine
sodium >20, dehydration, if serum Na >150 give D5W to replace
MAP ½ volume deficit in 12-24 hours, avoid rapid lowering of Na,
DDAVP for acute situations
Ans: 70-90
Serum Osmo
Fractional Excretion of NA <1%
Ans: 280
Ans: Prerenal state of kidney dysfunction (i.e. dehydration)
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |5 Page |6
Urine Osmo Ans: 02, sitting up, morphine 2-4mg, Lasix 40, another Lasix 40
if needed
Ans: 300-800
Left heart failure
Sodium
Ans: LUNGS, dyspnea at rest, rales, wheezing, generally
Ans: ~140
healthy except acute event, S3, murmur of mitral regurg
Total cholesterol
Right heart failure
Ans: <200
Ans: JVD, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema
Triglycerides
MR ASS
Ans: <150
Ans: Mitral regurg, aortic stenosis, systolic murmurs
HDL
MS ARD
Ans: >40
Ans: Mitral Stenosis, aortic regurg, diastolic
LDL
Mitral murmur locations
Ans: <100
Ans: 5th ICS, apex
Management of pulm edema
Aortic murmur locations
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |7 Page |8
Ans: 2nd or 3rd ICS, base Deficient cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone,
hyperpigmentation in buccal mucosa, tanning, HYPOtension,
scant hair, HYPOglycemia, HYPOnatremia, HYPERkalemia,
S1 cosyntropin is the rule out for addison's, manage: referral,
glucorticoid, hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone inpatient:
Ans: AV valves closed, SL open
hydrocortisone and fluids
S2
HYPERthyroidism/Grave's
Ans: SL closed, AV open
Ans: TSH LOW, T3 High, Grave's Disease, bulgy eyes, weight
loss, fine thin hair, smooth skin, a fib
Cardiac blood flow Specialist referral, propranolol, methimazole, PTU, lugol's
Ans: SVC,RA, tricuspid, RV, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral, LV, Aortic valve, aorta, body Thyroid crisis
Ans: PTU or Methimazole with adjunct within 1 hour Lugol's
Cushing's propranolol, hydrocortisone
Ans: Moon face, buffalo hump, hypertension, HYPERglycemia, No ASA
HYPERnatremia, HYPOkalemia, tx depends on cause (stop
meds, tumor)
Hypothyroidism
Ans: (TSH assay most sensitive test) TSH ELEVATED, T4 LOW
Addison's ADRENOcorticoid deficiency
hasimototo's most common, LOW AND SLOW, cold
Ans: Remember: SEX, SALT, and SUGAR intolerance, weight fain, brittle nails, brady, hypoactive BS,
Levothyroxine 50-100mcg
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
