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20 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 20
Pleural effusion caused by increased hydrostatic pressure is called what?
A. Exudative
B. Pheumonic
C. Transudative
D. Oxidative
In retinal detachment, the inner layers of the retina break away from retinal epithelial cells
and the choroid layer, leading to ischemia of the retina and loss of vision.
Urticaria is the formation of red, blotchy, itchy patches (also called hives) associated with a
large release of histamines.
Angioedema is the swelling of the eyes, face, lips, and mucous membranes that is often
associated with urticaria.
Anaphylactic shock is often associated with these conditions.
Two diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction are creatine phosphokinas MB and cardiac
troponin.
These are proteins found in heart muscle that are released into the bloodstream when the
heart is damaged
Transudative
,Definition 2 of 20
An aneurysm is a weakening of an artery wall that results in bulging or dilation of the artery.
Aneurysms can be caused by arteriosclerosis, degenerative vascular disease, and other causes.
They are most prevalent in males over 60 and African Americans.
Describe the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
How does it differ from that of age-related macular degeneration?
How is sight affected differently in both diseases?
Describe how the lungs and particularly alveoli are affected in COVID- 19 ?
Describe two contributing factor to developing an aneurysm
Describe bone remodeling ?
Which cells are involved in this process and what is their function?
, Term 3 of 20
Why is the Pituitary gland considered the Master gland of the endocrine system?
Describe any two disorders of your choice that are caused by pituitary gland dysfunction
Amenorrhea: absence of menstrual periods.
Turner's syndrome - molecular cause is genetic loss of second X chromosome, leading to
underdevelopment of ovaries.
High levels of FSH/LH (hypergonadotropic) but low estrogen (hypogonadism)
Eating disorders or chronic disease - lack of gonadotrophic-releasing factor leads to lack
of FSH/LH and therefore lack of estrogen/progesterone control.
MRKH syndrome - lack of uterine development = lack of progesterone.
Asherman's syndrome - scarred or absent endometrium = lack of progesterone.
Birth control = disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Hyperprolactinemia - high prolactin inhibits estrogen release
Hepatitis and chronic alcohol use are common causes of Cirrhosis of the liver. Liver
diseases cause liver cells to become damaged and die.
Scar tissue replaces liver cells and affects the function of the liver leading to cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis can lead to esophageal Varices, which are engorged varicose veins on the low
esophagus caused by congestions and hypertension in the liver. This pressure causes the
veins to weaken and potentially rupture.
Cirrhosis also causes a decrease in bile, which affects lipids digestion and absorption,
hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to jaundice, inability to detoxify the blood, decrease in
synthesis of clotting factors, which can lead to excessive bleeding and hepatic
encephalopathy causing confusion and impaired cognition..
Cirrhosis is the formation of liver scar tissue as a result of multiple hepatocyte injuries and
repair efforts. When hepatocytes are injured, stellate cells are stimulated and create
collagenous fibrous tissue in an effort to repair the injury.
20 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 20
Pleural effusion caused by increased hydrostatic pressure is called what?
A. Exudative
B. Pheumonic
C. Transudative
D. Oxidative
In retinal detachment, the inner layers of the retina break away from retinal epithelial cells
and the choroid layer, leading to ischemia of the retina and loss of vision.
Urticaria is the formation of red, blotchy, itchy patches (also called hives) associated with a
large release of histamines.
Angioedema is the swelling of the eyes, face, lips, and mucous membranes that is often
associated with urticaria.
Anaphylactic shock is often associated with these conditions.
Two diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction are creatine phosphokinas MB and cardiac
troponin.
These are proteins found in heart muscle that are released into the bloodstream when the
heart is damaged
Transudative
,Definition 2 of 20
An aneurysm is a weakening of an artery wall that results in bulging or dilation of the artery.
Aneurysms can be caused by arteriosclerosis, degenerative vascular disease, and other causes.
They are most prevalent in males over 60 and African Americans.
Describe the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
How does it differ from that of age-related macular degeneration?
How is sight affected differently in both diseases?
Describe how the lungs and particularly alveoli are affected in COVID- 19 ?
Describe two contributing factor to developing an aneurysm
Describe bone remodeling ?
Which cells are involved in this process and what is their function?
, Term 3 of 20
Why is the Pituitary gland considered the Master gland of the endocrine system?
Describe any two disorders of your choice that are caused by pituitary gland dysfunction
Amenorrhea: absence of menstrual periods.
Turner's syndrome - molecular cause is genetic loss of second X chromosome, leading to
underdevelopment of ovaries.
High levels of FSH/LH (hypergonadotropic) but low estrogen (hypogonadism)
Eating disorders or chronic disease - lack of gonadotrophic-releasing factor leads to lack
of FSH/LH and therefore lack of estrogen/progesterone control.
MRKH syndrome - lack of uterine development = lack of progesterone.
Asherman's syndrome - scarred or absent endometrium = lack of progesterone.
Birth control = disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Hyperprolactinemia - high prolactin inhibits estrogen release
Hepatitis and chronic alcohol use are common causes of Cirrhosis of the liver. Liver
diseases cause liver cells to become damaged and die.
Scar tissue replaces liver cells and affects the function of the liver leading to cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis can lead to esophageal Varices, which are engorged varicose veins on the low
esophagus caused by congestions and hypertension in the liver. This pressure causes the
veins to weaken and potentially rupture.
Cirrhosis also causes a decrease in bile, which affects lipids digestion and absorption,
hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to jaundice, inability to detoxify the blood, decrease in
synthesis of clotting factors, which can lead to excessive bleeding and hepatic
encephalopathy causing confusion and impaired cognition..
Cirrhosis is the formation of liver scar tissue as a result of multiple hepatocyte injuries and
repair efforts. When hepatocytes are injured, stellate cells are stimulated and create
collagenous fibrous tissue in an effort to repair the injury.
