Biod 171 Portage Learning Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers

BIOD 171 PORTAGE LEARNING FINAL
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
True/False.A2AA2virusA2isA2consideredA2aA2microorganism.A2-A2Ans--
False,A2VirusesA2areA2notA2livingA2andA2asA2suchA2areA2notA2consideredA2microorganisms.
A2VirusesA2can,A2however,A2beA2classifiedA2asA2microbes,A2aA2moreA2generalA2termA2thatA
2includesA2microorganismsA2andA2viruses.


WhatA2isA2theA2smallestA2biologicalA2unitA2ofA2life?A2-A2Ans--AA2cell

WhatA2areA2theA2fourA2mainA2typesA2ofA2macromoleculesA2foundA2inA2cells?A2-A2Ans--
Proteins,A2Lipids,A2NucleicA2Acids,A2Carbohydrates

ProteinsA2areA2formedA2fromA2variousA2combinationsA2ofA2-A2Ans--AminoA2acids

ThereA2areA2howA2manyA2knownA2formsA2ofA2aminoA2acidsA2-A2Ans--twenty

HowA2manyA2aminoA2acidsA2areA2classifiedA2asA2beingA2essentialA2aminoA2acids?A2-
A2Ans--Nine


WhereA2canA2theA2twoA2majorA2typesA2ofA2nucleicA2acidsA2beA2foundA2inA2theA2cell?A2-
A2Ans--DNA,A2RNA.A2FoundA2inA2theA2nucleus.


WhatA2isA2theA2roleA2ofA2RNA?A2-A2Ans--
RNAA2,A2foundA2inA2theA2nucleusA2isA2capableA2ofA2leavingA2theA2nucleus.A2RNAA2isA2reps
ponsibleA2forA2decipheringA2theA2hereditaryA2informationA2inA2DNAA2andA2usesA2itA2toA2syn
thesizeA2proteins.

WhatA2isA2theA2roleA2ofA2DNA?A2-A2Ans--
DNA,A2foundA2inA2theA2nucleusA2containsA2vastA2amountA2ofA2hereditaryA2inforamtion,A2re
sponibleA2forA2inhereitableA2characteristicA2osA2livingA2organisms.

CompleteA2theA2followingA2RNAA2strand,A2andA2indicateA2howA2manyA2bondsA2areA2forme
dA2forA2eachA2complementaryA2pair:
3'A2GGUCAUCGA25'5'A2CCA2AGCA23'A2-A2Ans--
3'A2GGUCAUCGA25'5'A2CCAGUAGCA23'ThereA2areA22A2bondsA2formedA2betweenA2AA2an
dA2U,A2andA23A2bondsA2betweenA2GA2andA2C.

TheA2plasmaA2membraneA2-A2Ans--
RestrictsA2movementA2ofA2materialsA2inA2andA2outA2ofA2theA2cellA2&A2PreventsA2essentialA2
nutrientsA2fromA2escaping

,HowA2manyA2carbonA2atomsA2areA2presentA2inA2glucose?A2-A2Ans--6

TrueA2ofA2False:A2TheA2geneticA2materialA2withinA2aA2prokaryoticA2cellA2isA2containedA2wit
hinA2aA2membrane-enclosedA2region.A2-A2Ans--False
OnlyA2eukaryoticA2cellsA2containA2itsA2geneticA2materialA2withinA2aA2nucleus.

TrueA2orA2False:A2ProkaryoticA2cellsA2canA2beA2subdividedA2intoA2BacteriaA2andA2Archaea.
A2-A2Ans--True


TrueA2orA2False:A2ArchaeaA2isA2notedA2forA2itsA2abilityA2toA2surviveA2underA2harshA2conditi
ons.
Correct!A2-A2Ans--True
ArchaeaA2canA2oftenA2beA2foundA2inA2harshA2conditionsA2suchA2asA2highA2saltA2levels,A2hi
ghA2acidA2conditions,A2highA2temperaturesA2andA2evenA2oxygen-poorA2conditions.

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2microorganismsA2areA2consideredA2toA2beA2Eukarya?
A2SelectA2allA2thatA2apply.A2-A2Ans--Animalia,A2Plantae,A2Fungi,A2Protista


MicroorganismsA2classifiedA2asA2PlantaeA2obtainA2mostA2ofA2theirA2energyA2byA2convertin
gA2[answer1]A2energyA2intoA2[answer2]A2energy.A2-A2Ans--1.A2LightA2(sunlight)
2.A2chemicalA2(sugars)

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2areA2consideredA2Protista?A2SelectA2allA2thatA2apply.A2-A2Ans--
Algae,A2Amoeba

TheA2functionA2ofA2theA2ribosomeA2isA2-A2Ans--ProteinA2synthesis

TrueA2orA2False:A2ProtistaA2retainA2aA2unicellularA2classification,A2asA2theyA2areA2unableA2t
oA2formA2tissueA2layers.A2-A2Ans--True

WhereA2areA2ribosomesA2located?A2-A2Ans--
cytoplasmA2ofA2prokaryoticA2cellsA2andA2inA2theA2ERA2ofA2eukaryoticA2cells.

TheA2combinationA2ofA2theA2cellA2membraneA2andA2theA2outerA2membraneA2isA2referredA2t
oA2asA2theA2-A2Ans--CellA2envelope

TheA2functionA2ofA2theA2mitochondriaA2isA2-A2Ans--ToA2produceA2energyA2(ATP)

TrueA2orA2False.A2AllA2multicellularA2microorganismsA2classifiedA2asA2AnimaliaA2areA2autot
ropic.A2-A2Ans--False

TrueA2orA2False:A2MetabolismA2isA2aA2controlledA2setA2ofA2biochemicalA2reactionsA2thatA2o
ccurA2inA2livingA2organismsA2inA2orderA2toA2maintainA2life.A2-A2Ans--True

, TrueA2orA2False:A2EnzymesA2slowA2downA2chemicalA2reactionsA2toA2conserveA2energy.A2-
A2Ans--False


WhatA2isA2aA2cofactor?A2-A2Ans--
AA2cofactorA2isA2aA2smallA2chemicalA2componentA2thatA2assistsA2anA2enzymeA2duringA2the
A2catalysisA2reactions.A2AA2cofactorA2isA2usuallyA2metalA2ions.


DefineA2catabolismA2-A2Ans--
CatabolismA2isA2theA2processA2ofA2breakingA2downA2largerA2moleculesA2intoA2usefulA2ener
gyA2sources.

InA2orderA2toA2convertA2proteinsA2intoA2aminoA2acidsA2whichA2metabolicA2processA2wouldA
2beA2active?A2-A2Ans--
CatabolismA2wouldA2beA2activeA2asA2proteinsA2areA2madeA2upA2ofA2aminoA2acids.A2Theref
oreA2theA2processA2describedA2(proteinsA2intoA2aminoA2acids)A2isA2theA2breakdown,A2orA2c
atabolismA2ofA2protein.

DescribeA2theA2energyA2transferA2processA2relativeA2toA2bothA2ATPA2andA2ADP.A2-A2Ans--
ATPA2hasA2theA2energyA2(phosphateA2group)A2toA2donateA2whileA2ADPA2canA2acceptA2ene
rgyA2inA2theA2formA2ofA2aA2phosphateA2group.A2Thus,A2ATPA2canA2beA2reducedA2(ATPA2
⟶⟶ADPA2+A2Pi)A2whileA2ADPA2canA2beA2builtA2intoA2ATPA2(ADPA2+A2PiA2⟶⟶ATP).

FromA2whatA2sourceA2doA2chemotrophsA2acquireA2energy?A2-A2Ans--
ChemotrophsA2acquireA2energyA2fromA2preformedA2chemicalsA2foundA2inA2theA2environm
ent.

AnA2organismA2thatA2obtainsA2itsA2sourceA2ofA2carbonA2fromA2inorganicA2moleculesA2such
A2asA2carbonA2dioxideA2isA2referredA2toA2asA2aA2____________?A2-A2Ans--Autotroph


ThisA2phosphorylationA2processA2occursA2inA2theA2mitochondriaA2ofA2chemotropicA2eukary
otes.A2-A2Ans--OxidativeA2phosphorylation

TheA2catabolismA2ofA2aA2singleA2moleculeA2ofA2glucoseA2goesA2throughA2whatA23A2distinct
A2transitions?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2breakdownA2ofA2glucoseA2goesA2throughA2(1)A2GlycolysisA2thenA2(2)A2FermentationA
2orA2RespirationA2andA2finallyA2throughA2(3)A2theA2electronA2transportA2chainA2(ETC).


WhatA2isA2theA2mostA2energeticA2transitionA2inA2theA2catabolismA2ofA2glucose?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2electronA2transportA2chainA2yieldsA234A2ATPA2whileA2bothA2glycolysisA2andA2ferment
ationA2(orA2respiration)A2eachA2yieldA2onlyA22A2ATP.

IdentifyA2theA2productsA2ofA2theA2followingA2chemicalA2equation:
GlucoseA2+A22NAD+A2→→A22A2NADHA2+A22A2PyruvateA2+A22A2ATPA2-A2Ans--
TheA2productsA2areA2toA2theA2rightA2ofA2theA2arrow:A22NADH,A22A2PyruvatesA2andA22A2AT
P