Mary I:
Government:
First female monarch.
Restored the Privy Council to around 50 members.
o Members such as William Paget and Bishop Gardiner.
Parliament:
o At her first parliament, Mary removed all religious legislation
passed under Edward.
o Restored Papal supremacy.
Economy:
Worst harvest of the century caused by heavy rain (1555-1556).
o Caused widespread famine and rises in grain prices.
1556-1558 typhus endemic.
o Killed 1/10 of those who contracted it.
o Population dropped ~5%.
Book of Rates (1558) increased customs revenue from £29,000 to
£83,000.
Foreign Policy:
Married Philip II of Spain (1554).
Anti-Spanish Pope Paul IV elected in 1554.
1557: Joined Spain’s war against France.
Loss of Calais (1558):
o 27,000 French troops against 2,000 English.
o Last English territory on French mainland.
o Mary’s dependence on Spain seen as betraying England’s
interests.
Society:
Rebellions:
o Wyatt’s Rebellion:
1554.
Government:
First female monarch.
Restored the Privy Council to around 50 members.
o Members such as William Paget and Bishop Gardiner.
Parliament:
o At her first parliament, Mary removed all religious legislation
passed under Edward.
o Restored Papal supremacy.
Economy:
Worst harvest of the century caused by heavy rain (1555-1556).
o Caused widespread famine and rises in grain prices.
1556-1558 typhus endemic.
o Killed 1/10 of those who contracted it.
o Population dropped ~5%.
Book of Rates (1558) increased customs revenue from £29,000 to
£83,000.
Foreign Policy:
Married Philip II of Spain (1554).
Anti-Spanish Pope Paul IV elected in 1554.
1557: Joined Spain’s war against France.
Loss of Calais (1558):
o 27,000 French troops against 2,000 English.
o Last English territory on French mainland.
o Mary’s dependence on Spain seen as betraying England’s
interests.
Society:
Rebellions:
o Wyatt’s Rebellion:
1554.
