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BIOD 121 Final Exam – Portage Learning Nutrition Study
Guide, Practice Test, and Verified Answers 2025
Prepare for your BIOD 121 Final Exam with this complete Portage Learning Nutrition
review. Includes 2025 updated exam questions, detailed study notes, and verified answer
explanations on macronutrients, metabolism, vitamins, and dietary balance. Ideal for Portage
Learning students and anyone studying Human Nutrition online.
BIOD 121 Final Exam,
BIOD 121 Portage Learning,
Portage Learning BIOD 121 answers,
BIOD 121 Nutrition exam,
BIOD 121 study guide,
What are some factors that can influence an individual's BMR? - ANSWER-The BMR varies per person
based on a number of factors such as; gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous
system activity, caffeine, smoking, pregnancy, and diet.
What type of obesity is typically found in females?
What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? - ANSWER-gynoid, pear
Direct calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by - ANSWER-Measuring the heat produced
in a sealed chamber
What shape has the greatest health risks and why? - ANSWER-Apple, because the fat in the abdominal
tissues interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin.
,2|Page
What range of BMI values represents a person that is obese? - ANSWER-If BMI is equal to or greater than
thirty
Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health. Explain where it is made, it's main
components and function in your answer. - ANSWER-LDL is a remnant of VLDL; as VLDL loses
triglycerides it becomes LDL. It's main compnents are mostly cholesterol, and some triglycerides. It's
function is to deliver cholesterol from the liver into cells. It is commonly referred to as the "bad
cholesterol". It is a marker of cardiovascular health because too much LDL can lead to athersclerosis, or
the buildiing up of plaque in arteries. Plaque build up constricts blood flow and can increase the risk of
both strokes and heart attacks.
List at least 3 conditions that increase mortality risk for patients with metabolic syndrome. - ANSWER-
Diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease
You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A young child presents with
edema in the legs and abdomen, a fatty liver, and his mother reports recent changes to his skin and hair.
What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? - ANSWER-Kwashiorkor
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
Foods that are high in sugar are also good sources of fiber. - ANSWER-FALSE: Foods that are often high in
starch are good sources of fiber.
The pancreas plays a role in blood sugar regulation. For (A) the fasting, and (B) the fed states, list the
hormones the pancreas releases and their effect on blood glucose. - ANSWER-(A) Fasting - pancreas
releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels
(B) Fed - pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose
levels.
Which macromolecule type plays a role in structural components, regulates body function, and enzyme
production? - ANSWER-proteins
,3|Page
The standard adult BMI chart is not applicable to everyone. Who are some groups to whom the standard
BMI chart does not apply? ( List at least 4) - ANSWER-Children, teens, pregnant women, breast feeding
women, short stature adults, very muscular individuals and the elderly.
What range of BMI values represents a person with a healthy weight? - ANSWER-18.5 to 24.9
All of the following can be used to determine a person's body fat percentage except
Calipers
Underwater weighing
Electrical resistance
Direct calorimetry - ANSWER-Direct calorimetry
Ignoring factors other than age, how does BMR change as a person grows older? What does this mean
for their dietary intake? - ANSWER-As we age our BMR declines by 1-2% per decade. If no change in diet
or activity level occurs from one decade to the next, a slow weight gain will be the result.
Anthropometrics estimates a person's percentage of fat by: - ANSWER-Using a caliper
What type of obesity is typically found in males?
What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? - ANSWER-Android, apple
Which person is at a greater risk for health issues related to being overweight or obese?Janet has a BMI
of 28 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.95. Fred has a BMI of 28.9 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.78. - ANSWER-
Janet. Both have a BMI that indicates being overweight, but Janet has a more at-risk waist to hip ratio as
her value is greater than 0.8.
Bioelectrical impedance estimates a person's body fat - ANSWER-By measuring the degree of resistance
to an electrical flow
Indirect calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by - ANSWER-Comparing the amount of
oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired
, 4|Page
In order to meet minimal nutritional requirements, what guidelines are given for the minimum number
of calories men and women should consume per day? - ANSWER-For females, no less than 1200
For males, no less than 1500
Understand the five important strategies in behavior modification. - ANSWER-
What are the three main components of a healthy weight loss program? - ANSWER-Calorie control,
exercise and behavior modification
Name at least 2 examples of when negative energy balance occurs. - ANSWER-During illness or trauma
that affects appetite or intake, healing, or as an intentional weight loss strategy.
basal metabolic rate - ANSWER-number of calories used by body when in fasting state
thermoc effect of food - ANSWER-energy used for the dugaestion and absorption of what we ingest
thermogenesis - ANSWER-amount of energy used by body for regulatory processes like posture and
shivering
normal bmi range - ANSWER-18.6 - 25
Which of the following populations would not be advised to use the general BMI?
Children
Pregnant/breastfeeding moms
Short stature adults
Muscular individuals
Elderly - ANSWER-all
BIOD 121 Final Exam – Portage Learning Nutrition Study
Guide, Practice Test, and Verified Answers 2025
Prepare for your BIOD 121 Final Exam with this complete Portage Learning Nutrition
review. Includes 2025 updated exam questions, detailed study notes, and verified answer
explanations on macronutrients, metabolism, vitamins, and dietary balance. Ideal for Portage
Learning students and anyone studying Human Nutrition online.
BIOD 121 Final Exam,
BIOD 121 Portage Learning,
Portage Learning BIOD 121 answers,
BIOD 121 Nutrition exam,
BIOD 121 study guide,
What are some factors that can influence an individual's BMR? - ANSWER-The BMR varies per person
based on a number of factors such as; gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous
system activity, caffeine, smoking, pregnancy, and diet.
What type of obesity is typically found in females?
What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? - ANSWER-gynoid, pear
Direct calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by - ANSWER-Measuring the heat produced
in a sealed chamber
What shape has the greatest health risks and why? - ANSWER-Apple, because the fat in the abdominal
tissues interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin.
,2|Page
What range of BMI values represents a person that is obese? - ANSWER-If BMI is equal to or greater than
thirty
Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health. Explain where it is made, it's main
components and function in your answer. - ANSWER-LDL is a remnant of VLDL; as VLDL loses
triglycerides it becomes LDL. It's main compnents are mostly cholesterol, and some triglycerides. It's
function is to deliver cholesterol from the liver into cells. It is commonly referred to as the "bad
cholesterol". It is a marker of cardiovascular health because too much LDL can lead to athersclerosis, or
the buildiing up of plaque in arteries. Plaque build up constricts blood flow and can increase the risk of
both strokes and heart attacks.
List at least 3 conditions that increase mortality risk for patients with metabolic syndrome. - ANSWER-
Diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease
You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A young child presents with
edema in the legs and abdomen, a fatty liver, and his mother reports recent changes to his skin and hair.
What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? - ANSWER-Kwashiorkor
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
Foods that are high in sugar are also good sources of fiber. - ANSWER-FALSE: Foods that are often high in
starch are good sources of fiber.
The pancreas plays a role in blood sugar regulation. For (A) the fasting, and (B) the fed states, list the
hormones the pancreas releases and their effect on blood glucose. - ANSWER-(A) Fasting - pancreas
releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels
(B) Fed - pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose
levels.
Which macromolecule type plays a role in structural components, regulates body function, and enzyme
production? - ANSWER-proteins
,3|Page
The standard adult BMI chart is not applicable to everyone. Who are some groups to whom the standard
BMI chart does not apply? ( List at least 4) - ANSWER-Children, teens, pregnant women, breast feeding
women, short stature adults, very muscular individuals and the elderly.
What range of BMI values represents a person with a healthy weight? - ANSWER-18.5 to 24.9
All of the following can be used to determine a person's body fat percentage except
Calipers
Underwater weighing
Electrical resistance
Direct calorimetry - ANSWER-Direct calorimetry
Ignoring factors other than age, how does BMR change as a person grows older? What does this mean
for their dietary intake? - ANSWER-As we age our BMR declines by 1-2% per decade. If no change in diet
or activity level occurs from one decade to the next, a slow weight gain will be the result.
Anthropometrics estimates a person's percentage of fat by: - ANSWER-Using a caliper
What type of obesity is typically found in males?
What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? - ANSWER-Android, apple
Which person is at a greater risk for health issues related to being overweight or obese?Janet has a BMI
of 28 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.95. Fred has a BMI of 28.9 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.78. - ANSWER-
Janet. Both have a BMI that indicates being overweight, but Janet has a more at-risk waist to hip ratio as
her value is greater than 0.8.
Bioelectrical impedance estimates a person's body fat - ANSWER-By measuring the degree of resistance
to an electrical flow
Indirect calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by - ANSWER-Comparing the amount of
oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired
, 4|Page
In order to meet minimal nutritional requirements, what guidelines are given for the minimum number
of calories men and women should consume per day? - ANSWER-For females, no less than 1200
For males, no less than 1500
Understand the five important strategies in behavior modification. - ANSWER-
What are the three main components of a healthy weight loss program? - ANSWER-Calorie control,
exercise and behavior modification
Name at least 2 examples of when negative energy balance occurs. - ANSWER-During illness or trauma
that affects appetite or intake, healing, or as an intentional weight loss strategy.
basal metabolic rate - ANSWER-number of calories used by body when in fasting state
thermoc effect of food - ANSWER-energy used for the dugaestion and absorption of what we ingest
thermogenesis - ANSWER-amount of energy used by body for regulatory processes like posture and
shivering
normal bmi range - ANSWER-18.6 - 25
Which of the following populations would not be advised to use the general BMI?
Children
Pregnant/breastfeeding moms
Short stature adults
Muscular individuals
Elderly - ANSWER-all
