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BIOD 331 Final Exam – Portage Learning Anatomy and
Physiology Comprehensive Practice Test, Study Guide &
Updated 2025 Exam Questions
Ace your BIOD 331 Final Exam with this Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology
comprehensive review guide. Features updated 2025 exam questions, verified answers, and
detailed explanations covering all major systems — cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, and
musculoskeletal. Perfect for students seeking BIOD 331 final exam study materials, test prep,
and practice questions to boost grades and confidence.
BIOD 331 Final Exam,
Portage Learning BIOD 331,
BIOD 331 Anatomy and Physiology Final,
BIOD 331 Final Exam answers,
A patient has experienced a seizure affecting the left temporal lobe. The family reports that the patient
exhibited repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing followed by a period of great fear and insecurity.
They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness
or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with motor weakness on the right side, a tingling
sensation on the right side, and flushing. They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal
seizure without impairment of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations
right before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure
with impairment of consciousness or awareness
Patient is found to have the above:
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1. What risk factors mostly led to this disease state?
2. What is this person at risk for developing?
3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them? - ANSWER-Picture is of an atherosclerotic
plaque
1. Hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and visceral fat, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Increasing
age, family history of premature CHD, and male sex. May also include C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum
lipoprotein (a)
2. Coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, aneurysm, stroke (ischemia, thrombosis,
emboli).
3. Stop smoking, lose weight/exercise, healthy diet (low-fat, low-cholesterol), adhere to medication for
blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and/or diabetes.
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of the cells that comprise it is
called: - ANSWER-Hypertrophy
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD. They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List
TWO beverages and/or foods they should limit or eliminate from their diet to prevent worsening of
symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of the following are correct answers: coffee/caffeine, chocolate, mints, citrus
fruits, acidic/spicy foods, or fats.
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD. They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List
TWO behavioral modifications they could adopt to prevent worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of
the following are correct answers: Avoid positions that increase reflux, like lying down immediately after
eating or bending. Avoiding large meals close to bedtime and sleeping with the head elevated may help
to prevent reflux at night. Weight loss is recommended if needed.
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except? - ANSWER-Autosomal
dominant disorder of LDL receptor
YES --> obesity, DM, high cholesterol diet
Explain the diagnostic criteria required for an autoimmune disease to be concluded. - ANSWER-In order
for an autoimmune disorder to be concluded, the following criteria must be met: evidence of an
autoimmune reaction, the immunologic findings are not secondary to another condition, and no other
identifiable causes are found.
, 3|Page
Diagnosis of an autoimmune disease is made by following patient history, physical evidence, and
serological findings. Explain why blood tests alone are not enough to diagnose an autoimmune disorder.
- ANSWER-Blood testing can be imprecise, as some tests are more generic and can be elevated in the
presence of other diseases.
Briefly explain why autoimmune diseases are difficult to diagnose - ANSWER-There are over 80 identified
autoimmune disorders identified, many with overlapping and/or nonspecific presentations, making an
accurate diagnosis can be quite challenging.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the following except: - ANSWER-HDL > 60
YES --> smoking, HTN, family Hx
A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from a decrease in the mass of pre-existing cells is
called: - ANSWER-Atrophy
A patient is experiencing a severe reduction in GFR, and their GFR is 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2. What stage
of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-4
A patient is experiencing kidney damage with a mild decrease in GFR, and their GFR is 60-89
mL/min/1.73m². What stage of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-2
Steve is a 55-year-old male who has atherosclerosis. Steve smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day, and his
lipid panel reveals that he has elevated LDL and low HDL levels. List one thing Steve can do to slow the
progression of atherosclerosis or mitigate its effects. - ANSWER-He could stop smoking and change his
diet to decrease his LDL and increase his HDL levels.
Steve is a 55-year-old male who has atherosclerosis. Steve is obese, smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day,
and coronary artery disease runs in his family. Steve can make several lifestyle changes to mitigate the
effects of atherosclerosis; however, there are things he cannot control. Name one of them. - ANSWER-
Steve is an older male, and CAD runs in his family.
BIOD 331 Final Exam – Portage Learning Anatomy and
Physiology Comprehensive Practice Test, Study Guide &
Updated 2025 Exam Questions
Ace your BIOD 331 Final Exam with this Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology
comprehensive review guide. Features updated 2025 exam questions, verified answers, and
detailed explanations covering all major systems — cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, and
musculoskeletal. Perfect for students seeking BIOD 331 final exam study materials, test prep,
and practice questions to boost grades and confidence.
BIOD 331 Final Exam,
Portage Learning BIOD 331,
BIOD 331 Anatomy and Physiology Final,
BIOD 331 Final Exam answers,
A patient has experienced a seizure affecting the left temporal lobe. The family reports that the patient
exhibited repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing followed by a period of great fear and insecurity.
They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness
or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with motor weakness on the right side, a tingling
sensation on the right side, and flushing. They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal
seizure without impairment of consciousness or awareness
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations
right before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which type of seizure? - ANSWER-Focal seizure
with impairment of consciousness or awareness
Patient is found to have the above:
,2|Page
1. What risk factors mostly led to this disease state?
2. What is this person at risk for developing?
3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them? - ANSWER-Picture is of an atherosclerotic
plaque
1. Hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and visceral fat, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Increasing
age, family history of premature CHD, and male sex. May also include C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum
lipoprotein (a)
2. Coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, aneurysm, stroke (ischemia, thrombosis,
emboli).
3. Stop smoking, lose weight/exercise, healthy diet (low-fat, low-cholesterol), adhere to medication for
blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and/or diabetes.
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of the cells that comprise it is
called: - ANSWER-Hypertrophy
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD. They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List
TWO beverages and/or foods they should limit or eliminate from their diet to prevent worsening of
symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of the following are correct answers: coffee/caffeine, chocolate, mints, citrus
fruits, acidic/spicy foods, or fats.
Your patient has recently been diagnosed with GERD. They have been prescribed a PPI for treatment. List
TWO behavioral modifications they could adopt to prevent worsening of symptoms. - ANSWER-Any of
the following are correct answers: Avoid positions that increase reflux, like lying down immediately after
eating or bending. Avoiding large meals close to bedtime and sleeping with the head elevated may help
to prevent reflux at night. Weight loss is recommended if needed.
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except? - ANSWER-Autosomal
dominant disorder of LDL receptor
YES --> obesity, DM, high cholesterol diet
Explain the diagnostic criteria required for an autoimmune disease to be concluded. - ANSWER-In order
for an autoimmune disorder to be concluded, the following criteria must be met: evidence of an
autoimmune reaction, the immunologic findings are not secondary to another condition, and no other
identifiable causes are found.
, 3|Page
Diagnosis of an autoimmune disease is made by following patient history, physical evidence, and
serological findings. Explain why blood tests alone are not enough to diagnose an autoimmune disorder.
- ANSWER-Blood testing can be imprecise, as some tests are more generic and can be elevated in the
presence of other diseases.
Briefly explain why autoimmune diseases are difficult to diagnose - ANSWER-There are over 80 identified
autoimmune disorders identified, many with overlapping and/or nonspecific presentations, making an
accurate diagnosis can be quite challenging.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the following except: - ANSWER-HDL > 60
YES --> smoking, HTN, family Hx
A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from a decrease in the mass of pre-existing cells is
called: - ANSWER-Atrophy
A patient is experiencing a severe reduction in GFR, and their GFR is 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2. What stage
of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-4
A patient is experiencing kidney damage with a mild decrease in GFR, and their GFR is 60-89
mL/min/1.73m². What stage of kidney disease are they in? - ANSWER-2
Steve is a 55-year-old male who has atherosclerosis. Steve smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day, and his
lipid panel reveals that he has elevated LDL and low HDL levels. List one thing Steve can do to slow the
progression of atherosclerosis or mitigate its effects. - ANSWER-He could stop smoking and change his
diet to decrease his LDL and increase his HDL levels.
Steve is a 55-year-old male who has atherosclerosis. Steve is obese, smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day,
and coronary artery disease runs in his family. Steve can make several lifestyle changes to mitigate the
effects of atherosclerosis; however, there are things he cannot control. Name one of them. - ANSWER-
Steve is an older male, and CAD runs in his family.
