BIOL 204 Athabasca U- Midterm Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

BIOL 204 Athabasca U- Midterm Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct extracellular matrix - ANSWER -The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides. flagellum (pl. flagella) - ANSWER -Long, slender extension used for locomotion by some bacteria, protozoans, and sperm. gap junction - ANSWER -A type of intercellular junction in animal cells, consisting of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells. Golgi complex - ANSWER -a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell granum (pl. grana) - ANSWER -stack of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast intermediate filament - ANSWER -A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments. lysosome - ANSWER -cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell matrix - ANSWER -the material surrounding cells in eukaryotes microfilament - ANSWER -a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement microtubule - ANSWER -A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) - ANSWER -an organelle with a double membrane that is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and is also involved in regulated cell death; capable of autonomous replication powerhouse of the cell phagocytosis - ANSWER -A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells Horne's example with Colten. pilus (pl. pili) - ANSWER -Thin, hair-like projections that help prokaryotes attach to surfaces and can serve as tubes through which they exchange DNA. plasmodesma (pl. plasmodesmata) - ANSWER -connection between plant cells that allows cytoplasm to flow between them plastid - ANSWER -group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments ribosome - ANSWER -Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. stroma - ANSWER -The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. thylakoid - ANSWER -a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis tight junction - ANSWER -a firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence vacuole - ANSWER -A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area vesicle - ANSWER -Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. chromatin - ANSWER -Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones eukaryotic chromosome - ANSWER -Multiple, linear DNA molecules found in the nucleus nuclear envelope - ANSWER -Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus. nuclear pore complex - ANSWER -an array of proteins that line pores in the nuclear membrane and control which substances enter and leave the nucleus nucleolus (pl. nucleoli) - ANSWER -a round, central region within the nucleus of a cell which produces RNA and ribosomes nucleoplasm - ANSWER -semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin and nucleolus amplification - ANSWER -The strengthening of stimulus energy during transduction. aquaporins - ANSWER -A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane heroin holes :) cell signalling - ANSWER -Processes that lead to communication and coordination between cells. Hormones binding to their receptors on the cell surface membrane are an example. channel protein - ANSWER -a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane cholesterol - ANSWER -A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. endocytosis - ANSWER -process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane exocytosis - ANSWER -a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. facilitated diffusion - ANSWER -Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels