BIO 202 EXAM 1 (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

BIO 202 EXAM 1 (CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM: THE HEART) QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
List the components of the cardio vascular system - CORRECT ANSWER -Heart, blood vessels, blood


Contrast the pulmonary and systemic circuits

Describe the location, size, shape and position of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pulmonary circuit: right heart, lungs, left heart/ carries blood to lungs for gas exchange/ right side of he
art

Systemic circuit: left heart, body, right heart/ supplies blood to all organs of the body/ left side of the h
eart

-Location: thoracic cavity (in the mediastinum), superior to diaphragm, posterior to sternum

-Size: of a fist; approx 10 oz.

-Position: slightly to the left because liver takes up room on the right



Define base and apex of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER -Base: broad superior portion

Apex: inferior end, tilts to the left, tapers to point



Describe the structure and function of the pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER -
Double walled membraneous sac.

Anchored to diaphragm & connective tissue.

Allows heart to beat without friction, gives it room to expand and resists excessive expansion.



Explain the causes and effects of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium. Painful friction between the two membranes when the h
eart beats.

Cardiac tamponade: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. Compresses the heart. Int
erferes with ventricular filling.



List and describe the three layers of the heart wall - CORRECT ANSWER -
Epicardium (visceral pericardium): outer membrane

, Myocardium: thick muscular layer- fibrous skeleton

Endocardium: smooth inner lining



List and describe the heart chambers - CORRECT ANSWER -Right and left atria: 2 superior chambers

Right and left ventricles: 2 inferior chambers



Name and describe the heart's sulci - CORRECT ANSWER -
Grooves on the outside of the heart that mark boundaries or chambers.

Atrioventricular (AV) or coronary sulcus: encircles entire heart and separates atria from ventricles

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci: extend from AV sulcus to the apex of the heart



Name and describe the valves of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER -
Atrioventricular (AV) valves: right AV valves (tricuspid) has 3 cusps, left AV valve (mitral/ bicuspid valve)
has 2 cusps

Semilunar valves: control flow into greatVarteries- pulmonary--
> from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk, aortic --> from left ventricle into aorta



Explain how the heart valves work - CORRECT ANSWER -
AV valves hang open & semilunar valves are closed when the ventricles are relaxed --
> ventriclesVfill with blood and then contract --
> pressure & blood in the ventricles push the AV valves closed (chord tendinae prevent cusps from bulgi
ng into the atria) --> the same pressure and blood pushes semilunar valves open --> ventricles relax --
> blood flows back down the pulmonary trunkVand aort; fills cusps to force semilunar valves closed.



Explain how blood is directed to the coronary circulation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Left coronary artery (LCA) --> anterior interventricular branch --> circumflex branch --
> right coronary artery (RCA) --> right marginal branch --> posterior interventricular branch



Explain the causes and effects of myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER -Heart attack -
sudden death of heart tissue.

Caused by interruption of blood flow from the narrowing or occlusion of an artery supplying the heart
with blood.

Usually fat deposits or blood clots are responsible.