UST ABSN PATHOPHARMACOLOGY 1
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drugs and their
interaction with living things. Answer: Define pharmacology
◉ study of effect of drugs in man (as compared to animals or
comparative pharmacology. Answer: Define clinical pharmacology
◉ also known as therapeutics, pharmacotherapeutics emphasizes the
disease state and its characteristics including therapy for and use of
drugs in prevention and treatment of condition. Answer: what are
pharmacotherapeutics?
◉ Drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic cells or organisms. The
term is usually restricted to anti-infectives and cancer chemotherapy.
Answer: what are chemotherapeutic agents?
,◉ Toxicology deals with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured
through the Therapeutic Index. Answer: what is toxicology and how do
we measure a drugs toxicity?
◉ therapeutic index is a ratio that measures toxicity. The ratio is found
by putting the dose *capable of killing 50% of animals (LD50) over than
required to acheive a beneficial effect in 50% of animals (ED50).
In clinical practice the THERAPEUTIC INDEX is described as the ratio
of the dose that causes toxicity over the dose that provides therapeutic
effect. Answer: What is the therapeutic index?
◉ Tolerance is the hyporeactivity that occurring from chronic exposure
to a drug. Achievement of the same effects of the drug requires larger
and larger doses. Answer: what is tolerance?
◉ Cross tolerance may happen when tolerance occurs across drugs of
the same class or across drugs that have the same pharmacological
effects. Answer: What is cross tolerance and how does it occur?
◉ Tolerance to opioids, barbiturates, and alcohol. Answer: what are
some examples of neurological adaptation/ cellular tolerance to drugs?
◉ metabolic drug tolerance occurs when the body has an increased rate
of elimination of the drug. Answer: What is metabolic drug tolerance?
, ◉ enzyme induction which occurs when there is an increased activity of
enzymes (the drug transport system). Answer: what is the most common
form of metabolic tolerance?
◉ pharmacodynamic processes determine the nature and intensity of the
response. It is essentially the effect of the drug ON the body.
EX: Target Organ, receptors, proteins, physiological effect etc. Answer:
What is pharmacodynamics?
◉ Pharmacokinetic processes determine how much of an admin- istered
dose gets to its sites of action. There are four major pharmacokinetic
processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution, (3) drug
metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. *These processes can be thought of
as the impact of the body on drugs*. Answer: What is pharmacokinetics?
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes?
◉ Down regulation. Answer: what type of tolerance occurs when there
is a decrease in the number, or decrease in the sensitivity, of receptor
sites?
◉ betablockers. Answer: what kind of drugs block receptors?
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drugs and their
interaction with living things. Answer: Define pharmacology
◉ study of effect of drugs in man (as compared to animals or
comparative pharmacology. Answer: Define clinical pharmacology
◉ also known as therapeutics, pharmacotherapeutics emphasizes the
disease state and its characteristics including therapy for and use of
drugs in prevention and treatment of condition. Answer: what are
pharmacotherapeutics?
◉ Drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic cells or organisms. The
term is usually restricted to anti-infectives and cancer chemotherapy.
Answer: what are chemotherapeutic agents?
,◉ Toxicology deals with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured
through the Therapeutic Index. Answer: what is toxicology and how do
we measure a drugs toxicity?
◉ therapeutic index is a ratio that measures toxicity. The ratio is found
by putting the dose *capable of killing 50% of animals (LD50) over than
required to acheive a beneficial effect in 50% of animals (ED50).
In clinical practice the THERAPEUTIC INDEX is described as the ratio
of the dose that causes toxicity over the dose that provides therapeutic
effect. Answer: What is the therapeutic index?
◉ Tolerance is the hyporeactivity that occurring from chronic exposure
to a drug. Achievement of the same effects of the drug requires larger
and larger doses. Answer: what is tolerance?
◉ Cross tolerance may happen when tolerance occurs across drugs of
the same class or across drugs that have the same pharmacological
effects. Answer: What is cross tolerance and how does it occur?
◉ Tolerance to opioids, barbiturates, and alcohol. Answer: what are
some examples of neurological adaptation/ cellular tolerance to drugs?
◉ metabolic drug tolerance occurs when the body has an increased rate
of elimination of the drug. Answer: What is metabolic drug tolerance?
, ◉ enzyme induction which occurs when there is an increased activity of
enzymes (the drug transport system). Answer: what is the most common
form of metabolic tolerance?
◉ pharmacodynamic processes determine the nature and intensity of the
response. It is essentially the effect of the drug ON the body.
EX: Target Organ, receptors, proteins, physiological effect etc. Answer:
What is pharmacodynamics?
◉ Pharmacokinetic processes determine how much of an admin- istered
dose gets to its sites of action. There are four major pharmacokinetic
processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution, (3) drug
metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. *These processes can be thought of
as the impact of the body on drugs*. Answer: What is pharmacokinetics?
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes?
◉ Down regulation. Answer: what type of tolerance occurs when there
is a decrease in the number, or decrease in the sensitivity, of receptor
sites?
◉ betablockers. Answer: what kind of drugs block receptors?
