Chapter 2 NUR 314 Final Test
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
psychoanalytical theory (Chapter 2) - Answer Defense mechanisms and Anxiety:
Ego develops defense mechanisms:
-unconscious level- except suppression;
-...deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.
Problem: sometimes they get used too much or inappropriately
Implications for psychoanalytic therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -Personalities 'rooted' from many
past events.
-Value of talking for client; value of 'attentive listening' of themes for nurse
-Defense mechanisms (people don't realize they have them)
-Support and education for parents and children; healthy emotional environment
-WATCH OUT FOR TRANSFERENCE AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE!
Psychodynamic therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -borrows from psychoanalytic model: free
association, dream analysis, transference and countertransference; began after Vietnam
-Best clients are healthy functioning with a specific area needing change. (used for people
without a specific MI)
Common elements for psychodynamic theory (chapter 2) - Answer -Rapid Assessment
-Clear expectations... about 10 sessions
-goals are concrete; focus on what's wrong or the worst symptom
-always looks at the present
-no cure, learn to cope better
-therapist more involved
Implications for PMH nursing:
-counseling 1 on 1, enforcing what's learned.
Behavioral therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -WORKS BEST WITH PHOBIAS, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND
,--don't need insight---just do it! Reinforced! Do it again!
Behavioral therapy implications for PMH nursing (chapter 2) - Answer -Foundation of all b/h
programs to alter behavior (programmed learning and token economies) Use of behavioral
techniques such as:
o Implications for PMH nursing: Foundation of all b/h programs to alter behavior (programmed
learning and token economies) Use of behavioral techniques such as:
§ Role playing---Modeling
§ Operant Conditioning: Behavior Modification---Token Economy (ex. take your pills, get a
sticker)
§ Systematic Desensitization (ex. doing something over and over until they can do it without
symptoms.)
§ Aversion Therapy (punishing them for doing something)
§ Biofeedback (not a nurse's job; helps ID early stages of stress and anxiety)
Cognitive theory/therapy (chapter 2) - Answer Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
(Albert Ellis):
o ..."eradicate core irrational beliefs by helping people recognize thoughts that are not accurate,
sensible, or useful." (p. 25) A= activating event; B= beliefs; C=Emotional Consequence
o Focus on..." current attitudes, painful feelings and dysfunctional behaviors." (p.
25) ..."thoughts negative and self-deprecating....more susceptible to depression and anxiety."
(p. 25)
o "...we can't change the past, we can change the way we are now." (p. 25)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Aaron Beck)
o Based on Cognitive and Behavioral theories
o "...feelings and behaviors are largely determined by the way people think about the world and
their place in it." (p. 25) "...cognitions ...based on attitudes or assumptions developed from
previous experiences."
o "These cognitions may be fairly accurate, or they may be distorted. (p. 25)
,o Implication for PMH nursing:
§ Term: Cognitive Reframing/Restructuring
§ Typical therapy used today, nurse needs to reflect and help reinforce
Benzodiazepines: anxiolytic/antianxiety and sedative hypnotics - Answer
Antianxiety/Anxiolytic drugs:
a. alprazolam (Xanax)
b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
c. clonazepam (Klonopin)
d. diazepam (Valium)
e. lorazepam (Ativan)
Sedative-Hypnotic:
a. temazepam (Restoril)
Antianxiety/Sedative-Hypnotic: Non-benzodiazepines - Answer A. Anti-anxiety/Anxiolytic
Drugs:
a. propranolol (Inderal)
b. buspirone (BuSpar)
c. hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
B. Sedative-hypnotic (Z-drugs): without anxiety/anticonvulsant/muscle relaxant effects
a. zolpidem (Ambien)
b. eszopiclone (Lunesta)
c. zaleplon (Sonata)
C. Melatonin Receptor Agonists
a. ramelteon (Rozerem)
Antidepressant Drugs - Answer A. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
a. phenelzine (Nardil)
b. tranylcypromine (Parnate)
c. selegiline patch
, b. imipramine (Tofranil)
c. clomipramine (Anafranil)
C. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. paroxetine (Paxil)
c. sertraline (Zoloft)
d. citalopram (Celexa)
e. escitalopram (Lexapro)
D. Atypical/Unconventional Antidepressants
a. trazodone (Oleptro, Desyrel) ---SARI
b. bupropion (Wellbutrin) ---NDRI
* Also sold as Zyban for smoking cessation
c. mirtazapine (Remeron)---NASSA
d. venlafaxine (Effexor)---SNRI
e. duloxetine (Cymbalta)---SNRI
f. desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)---SNRI
Mood Stabilizers - Answer I. Mood Stabilizers
A. lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid)
B. Anticonvulsants
a. valproate/valproic acid (Depakene)
b. valproate/divalproex sodium (Depakote)
c. carbamazepine (Tegretol, Equetro, Carbatrol)
d. lamotrigine (Lamictal)
e. gabapentin (Neurontin)
Antipsychotic-Neuroleptic Drugs - Answer A. First-Generation Antipsychotics (Conventional)
Low Potency drugs:
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
psychoanalytical theory (Chapter 2) - Answer Defense mechanisms and Anxiety:
Ego develops defense mechanisms:
-unconscious level- except suppression;
-...deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.
Problem: sometimes they get used too much or inappropriately
Implications for psychoanalytic therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -Personalities 'rooted' from many
past events.
-Value of talking for client; value of 'attentive listening' of themes for nurse
-Defense mechanisms (people don't realize they have them)
-Support and education for parents and children; healthy emotional environment
-WATCH OUT FOR TRANSFERENCE AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE!
Psychodynamic therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -borrows from psychoanalytic model: free
association, dream analysis, transference and countertransference; began after Vietnam
-Best clients are healthy functioning with a specific area needing change. (used for people
without a specific MI)
Common elements for psychodynamic theory (chapter 2) - Answer -Rapid Assessment
-Clear expectations... about 10 sessions
-goals are concrete; focus on what's wrong or the worst symptom
-always looks at the present
-no cure, learn to cope better
-therapist more involved
Implications for PMH nursing:
-counseling 1 on 1, enforcing what's learned.
Behavioral therapy (chapter 2) - Answer -WORKS BEST WITH PHOBIAS, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND
,--don't need insight---just do it! Reinforced! Do it again!
Behavioral therapy implications for PMH nursing (chapter 2) - Answer -Foundation of all b/h
programs to alter behavior (programmed learning and token economies) Use of behavioral
techniques such as:
o Implications for PMH nursing: Foundation of all b/h programs to alter behavior (programmed
learning and token economies) Use of behavioral techniques such as:
§ Role playing---Modeling
§ Operant Conditioning: Behavior Modification---Token Economy (ex. take your pills, get a
sticker)
§ Systematic Desensitization (ex. doing something over and over until they can do it without
symptoms.)
§ Aversion Therapy (punishing them for doing something)
§ Biofeedback (not a nurse's job; helps ID early stages of stress and anxiety)
Cognitive theory/therapy (chapter 2) - Answer Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
(Albert Ellis):
o ..."eradicate core irrational beliefs by helping people recognize thoughts that are not accurate,
sensible, or useful." (p. 25) A= activating event; B= beliefs; C=Emotional Consequence
o Focus on..." current attitudes, painful feelings and dysfunctional behaviors." (p.
25) ..."thoughts negative and self-deprecating....more susceptible to depression and anxiety."
(p. 25)
o "...we can't change the past, we can change the way we are now." (p. 25)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Aaron Beck)
o Based on Cognitive and Behavioral theories
o "...feelings and behaviors are largely determined by the way people think about the world and
their place in it." (p. 25) "...cognitions ...based on attitudes or assumptions developed from
previous experiences."
o "These cognitions may be fairly accurate, or they may be distorted. (p. 25)
,o Implication for PMH nursing:
§ Term: Cognitive Reframing/Restructuring
§ Typical therapy used today, nurse needs to reflect and help reinforce
Benzodiazepines: anxiolytic/antianxiety and sedative hypnotics - Answer
Antianxiety/Anxiolytic drugs:
a. alprazolam (Xanax)
b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
c. clonazepam (Klonopin)
d. diazepam (Valium)
e. lorazepam (Ativan)
Sedative-Hypnotic:
a. temazepam (Restoril)
Antianxiety/Sedative-Hypnotic: Non-benzodiazepines - Answer A. Anti-anxiety/Anxiolytic
Drugs:
a. propranolol (Inderal)
b. buspirone (BuSpar)
c. hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
B. Sedative-hypnotic (Z-drugs): without anxiety/anticonvulsant/muscle relaxant effects
a. zolpidem (Ambien)
b. eszopiclone (Lunesta)
c. zaleplon (Sonata)
C. Melatonin Receptor Agonists
a. ramelteon (Rozerem)
Antidepressant Drugs - Answer A. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
a. phenelzine (Nardil)
b. tranylcypromine (Parnate)
c. selegiline patch
, b. imipramine (Tofranil)
c. clomipramine (Anafranil)
C. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. paroxetine (Paxil)
c. sertraline (Zoloft)
d. citalopram (Celexa)
e. escitalopram (Lexapro)
D. Atypical/Unconventional Antidepressants
a. trazodone (Oleptro, Desyrel) ---SARI
b. bupropion (Wellbutrin) ---NDRI
* Also sold as Zyban for smoking cessation
c. mirtazapine (Remeron)---NASSA
d. venlafaxine (Effexor)---SNRI
e. duloxetine (Cymbalta)---SNRI
f. desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)---SNRI
Mood Stabilizers - Answer I. Mood Stabilizers
A. lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid)
B. Anticonvulsants
a. valproate/valproic acid (Depakene)
b. valproate/divalproex sodium (Depakote)
c. carbamazepine (Tegretol, Equetro, Carbatrol)
d. lamotrigine (Lamictal)
e. gabapentin (Neurontin)
Antipsychotic-Neuroleptic Drugs - Answer A. First-Generation Antipsychotics (Conventional)
Low Potency drugs:
