Final Exam: NU606/ NU 606 | Advanced
Pathophysiology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A|
100% Correct | Verified Answers | Latest
2025/ 2026 Regis
What is the leading worldwide cause of preventable death after injury?
- Correct Answer - Acute blood loss following trauma.
What percentage of individuals with bleeding trauma also suffer from
coagulopathy?
- Correct Answer - One-third.
Can an individual recover from acute blood loss?
- Correct Answer - Yes, as long as it is not severe.
When is a blood transfusion necessary for acute blood loss?
- Correct Answer - When the blood loss is severe and the bone marrow
needs time to replenish the lost blood.
What is the condition called when erythrocytes are destroyed more
quickly than they can be replaced?
- Correct Answer - Hemolytic anemia.
What is B12 deficiency anemia?
- Correct Answer - Anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12.
,What are the causes of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption of vitamin B12.
What are the symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and neurological
symptoms.
How does B12 deficiency lead to anemia? - Correct Answer - Vitamin
B12 is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells.
What is megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia characterized
by the presence of large, immature red blood cells.
How does B12 deficiency cause megaloblastic anemia? - Correct
Answer - B12 deficiency affects DNA synthesis, leading to abnormal red
blood cell production.
What are the consequences of megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer
- Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity and increased destruction of red
blood cells.
What are the neurological symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia? -
Correct Answer - Numbness, tingling, and difficulty with balance and
coordination.
How is B12 deficiency anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answer - Blood
tests to measure B12 levels and evaluate red blood cell morphology.
,What is the treatment for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Supplementation with vitamin B12, either orally or by injection.
What is folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia caused by
a deficiency in folic acid (vitamin B9).
What are the causes of folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or increased demand for
folate.
What are the symptoms of folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Similar to B12 deficiency anemia, including fatigue, weakness, and pale
skin.
How does folate deficiency lead to anemia? - Correct Answer - Folate is
necessary for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.
What is the difference between B12 deficiency anemia and folate
deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - B12 deficiency affects
neurological function, while folate deficiency does not.
How is folate deficiency anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answer - Blood
tests to measure folate levels and evaluate red blood cell morphology.
What is the treatment for folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Supplementation with folic acid, either orally or by injection.
What is iron deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia caused by a
deficiency in iron, resulting in low levels of hemoglobin.
, What are the causes of iron deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption, or increased demand for
iron.
What is B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Macrocytic,
normochromic anemia caused by insufficient vitamin B12 absorption.
What are the key lab values for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct
Answer - Low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, high plasma iron, low serum
B12, normal folate.
What is one cause of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Dietary
insufficiency of B12, especially in vegans and vegetarians.
What can reduce the production of intrinsic factor (IF) necessary for B12
absorption? - Correct Answer - Gastric disorders and impairments.
What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct
Answer - Reduced production of intrinsic factor (IF).
What are the risk factors for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Autoimmune gastritis, diet low in B12, gastric disorder, gastric
impairment, medications that trigger gastric issues.
What is pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer - B12 deficiency anemia
caused by the inability to produce intrinsic factor.
What are the risk factors for pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer - Age
of 30 or older, autoimmune gastritis, family history of pernicious anemia,
Pathophysiology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A|
100% Correct | Verified Answers | Latest
2025/ 2026 Regis
What is the leading worldwide cause of preventable death after injury?
- Correct Answer - Acute blood loss following trauma.
What percentage of individuals with bleeding trauma also suffer from
coagulopathy?
- Correct Answer - One-third.
Can an individual recover from acute blood loss?
- Correct Answer - Yes, as long as it is not severe.
When is a blood transfusion necessary for acute blood loss?
- Correct Answer - When the blood loss is severe and the bone marrow
needs time to replenish the lost blood.
What is the condition called when erythrocytes are destroyed more
quickly than they can be replaced?
- Correct Answer - Hemolytic anemia.
What is B12 deficiency anemia?
- Correct Answer - Anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12.
,What are the causes of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption of vitamin B12.
What are the symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and neurological
symptoms.
How does B12 deficiency lead to anemia? - Correct Answer - Vitamin
B12 is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells.
What is megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia characterized
by the presence of large, immature red blood cells.
How does B12 deficiency cause megaloblastic anemia? - Correct
Answer - B12 deficiency affects DNA synthesis, leading to abnormal red
blood cell production.
What are the consequences of megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer
- Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity and increased destruction of red
blood cells.
What are the neurological symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia? -
Correct Answer - Numbness, tingling, and difficulty with balance and
coordination.
How is B12 deficiency anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answer - Blood
tests to measure B12 levels and evaluate red blood cell morphology.
,What is the treatment for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Supplementation with vitamin B12, either orally or by injection.
What is folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia caused by
a deficiency in folic acid (vitamin B9).
What are the causes of folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or increased demand for
folate.
What are the symptoms of folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Similar to B12 deficiency anemia, including fatigue, weakness, and pale
skin.
How does folate deficiency lead to anemia? - Correct Answer - Folate is
necessary for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.
What is the difference between B12 deficiency anemia and folate
deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - B12 deficiency affects
neurological function, while folate deficiency does not.
How is folate deficiency anemia diagnosed? - Correct Answer - Blood
tests to measure folate levels and evaluate red blood cell morphology.
What is the treatment for folate deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Supplementation with folic acid, either orally or by injection.
What is iron deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Anemia caused by a
deficiency in iron, resulting in low levels of hemoglobin.
, What are the causes of iron deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption, or increased demand for
iron.
What is B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Macrocytic,
normochromic anemia caused by insufficient vitamin B12 absorption.
What are the key lab values for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct
Answer - Low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, high plasma iron, low serum
B12, normal folate.
What is one cause of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer - Dietary
insufficiency of B12, especially in vegans and vegetarians.
What can reduce the production of intrinsic factor (IF) necessary for B12
absorption? - Correct Answer - Gastric disorders and impairments.
What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct
Answer - Reduced production of intrinsic factor (IF).
What are the risk factors for B12 deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer -
Autoimmune gastritis, diet low in B12, gastric disorder, gastric
impairment, medications that trigger gastric issues.
What is pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer - B12 deficiency anemia
caused by the inability to produce intrinsic factor.
What are the risk factors for pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer - Age
of 30 or older, autoimmune gastritis, family history of pernicious anemia,
