NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is the main goal of the endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWERS For
PHYSIOLOGIC STABILITY (HOMEOSTASIS)
- Every cell and organ in the body is influenced by this system
What are hormones? - CORRECT ANSWERS The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the
endocrine system
- Natural substances
- Secreted into the bloodstream and travels through the blood to the site of action
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS Part of the CNS
- MASTER
- THERMOSTAT
Pituitary Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS Has two lobes
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis)
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
They govern all bodily functions (hormones and negative feedback loop)
Negative Feedback Loop - CORRECT ANSWERS Activity of the endocrine system
regulated by this system of surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs
- Regulates hormone secretion
What are the anterior pituitary drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cosyntopin
Somatopin
,NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
Octreotide
What are the posterior pituitary drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasopressin
Desmopressin
Cosyntopin (Cortosyn) - CORRECT ANSWERS STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM
THE ADRENAL CORTEX
- Anti-inflammatory
- DIAGNOSIS OF ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
Somatropin & Somatem - CORRECT ANSWERS Recombinantly made GROWTH
HORMONE (GH)
- Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
Octreotide (Sandostatin) - CORRECT ANSWERS CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP
(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)
- VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY DIARRHEA
- Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening HYPOTENSION that may occur with
a CARCINOID CRISIS
Vasopressin & Desmopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC
HORMONE
- Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons that
concentrate urine
,NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
- REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90%
- Used in treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Indications for Vasopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS ADH - Diabetes Insipidus
- POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR
- HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock - Septic Shock)
- ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC ARREST
- Used to STOP BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Indications for Desmopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS DDVAP
- Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of:
- Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor)
- Von Willebrand factor
- Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING)
- Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin) - CORRECT ANSWERS - May impair
GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
- Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Use with caution on patients with RENAL impairment
- Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes
- Can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
Thyroid Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS Secretes 3 hormones
, NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
- Essential for proper regulation of metabolism
- Located near parathyroid gland
- Responsible for maintaining levels of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Thyroid Gland Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS Thyroxine (T4)
Triidothryonine (T3)
Calcitonin
Primary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Abnormality in the THYROID GLAND
ITSELF
Secondary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Results when the PITUITARY GLAND
is dysfunctional and DOES NOT SECRETE TSH
Tertiary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Results when the HYPOTHALAMUS
GLAND does not secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which STIMULATES TSH RELEASE
Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyposecretion of thyroid
hormone during YOUTH
- Low metabolic rate, retarded growth and sexual development
- Possible mental retardation
Myxedema (Hypothyroidism) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
during ADULTHOOD
- Decreased metabolic rate
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is the main goal of the endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWERS For
PHYSIOLOGIC STABILITY (HOMEOSTASIS)
- Every cell and organ in the body is influenced by this system
What are hormones? - CORRECT ANSWERS The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the
endocrine system
- Natural substances
- Secreted into the bloodstream and travels through the blood to the site of action
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS Part of the CNS
- MASTER
- THERMOSTAT
Pituitary Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS Has two lobes
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis)
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
They govern all bodily functions (hormones and negative feedback loop)
Negative Feedback Loop - CORRECT ANSWERS Activity of the endocrine system
regulated by this system of surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs
- Regulates hormone secretion
What are the anterior pituitary drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cosyntopin
Somatopin
,NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
Octreotide
What are the posterior pituitary drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasopressin
Desmopressin
Cosyntopin (Cortosyn) - CORRECT ANSWERS STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM
THE ADRENAL CORTEX
- Anti-inflammatory
- DIAGNOSIS OF ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
Somatropin & Somatem - CORRECT ANSWERS Recombinantly made GROWTH
HORMONE (GH)
- Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
Octreotide (Sandostatin) - CORRECT ANSWERS CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP
(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)
- VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY DIARRHEA
- Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening HYPOTENSION that may occur with
a CARCINOID CRISIS
Vasopressin & Desmopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC
HORMONE
- Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons that
concentrate urine
,NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
- REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90%
- Used in treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Indications for Vasopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS ADH - Diabetes Insipidus
- POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR
- HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock - Septic Shock)
- ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC ARREST
- Used to STOP BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Indications for Desmopressin - CORRECT ANSWERS DDVAP
- Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of:
- Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor)
- Von Willebrand factor
- Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING)
- Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin) - CORRECT ANSWERS - May impair
GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
- Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Use with caution on patients with RENAL impairment
- Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes
- Can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
Thyroid Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS Secretes 3 hormones
, NR293 PHARMACOLOGY - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION COVERS 2025/2026 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE
A+ FOR SUCCESS
- Essential for proper regulation of metabolism
- Located near parathyroid gland
- Responsible for maintaining levels of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Thyroid Gland Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS Thyroxine (T4)
Triidothryonine (T3)
Calcitonin
Primary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Abnormality in the THYROID GLAND
ITSELF
Secondary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Results when the PITUITARY GLAND
is dysfunctional and DOES NOT SECRETE TSH
Tertiary Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS Results when the HYPOTHALAMUS
GLAND does not secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which STIMULATES TSH RELEASE
Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyposecretion of thyroid
hormone during YOUTH
- Low metabolic rate, retarded growth and sexual development
- Possible mental retardation
Myxedema (Hypothyroidism) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
during ADULTHOOD
- Decreased metabolic rate
