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ARM 401 Holistically Assessing Risk 2025 Latest
Exam Test Bank 1 with 214 Questions and Correct
Answers / ARM 401 Exam Prep Qs and As
fungi: eukaryotic - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - have membrane-
bound nucleus and a mitochondria
- aerobic (grows in presence of O2)
- prefers neutral pH (humans)
fungi: saprobes - ...ANSWER...✓✓ organisms that live on
dead/ decaying matter and absorb nutrients from the
environment, i.e mushrooms
primary pathogenic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - can initiate
infection in imunnocompetent host via colonize host-->
evade the host defenses--> survive/ thrive in host-->
multiply/ spread in host
- cause more severe infection in immunocompromised
hosts
- are agents of respiratory infections via breathing them
in
- can be "dimorphic": have saprobic phase (in
environment) and parasitic phase (in host), you breathe in
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spores and they change into yeast cells to invade the
immune system
opportunistic pathogenic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ -
generally only cause infections if there's disruptions to
defenses such as a break in skin, disruption of mucous
membranes, or defect in host immune systems
top 3 opportunistic pathogens - ...ANSWER...✓✓ -
Candida spp
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Aspergillus spp
superficial and cutaneous infections - ...ANSWER...✓✓
causes lesions of skin and appendages (ex.
dermatophytes)
cutaneous infections - ...ANSWER...✓✓ causes infection
through the skin (deeper skin)
systemic pathogens - ...ANSWER...✓✓ most virulent,
causes deep, systemic disease in normal and
compromised
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opportunistic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ environmental and/
or normal flora that can cause disease in
immunocompromised
innate response - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - macrophages,
neutrophils, dendritic cells, complement fixation
adaptive immune response - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - activated
by innate response
- T helper 1 and T helper 17
cell wall sugar molecules - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - structure
molecules that immune system cells recognize fungal
cells
- includes glucans, mannans, and chitins
PRR - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - pattern recognition receptors
that recognize the fungal molecules
- includes TLR 2, 4 and 9, Dectin 1, and C-type lectin
receptor
- each of these identifies certain fungi
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expected CSF findings (meningitis) from fungal pathogens
- ...ANSWER...✓✓ - glucose: normal to decr
- protein: normal to incr
- color: clear/ hazy
- WBCs/ PMNs: incr/ normal to incr monos and lymph
specimen collections and prep - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - needs
greater volume of specimen than bacteria samples
(source and time of collection)
- may need to concentrate or pre-treat specimen prior to
examination/ plating
- most fungi are slow growers with doubling time in
hours rather than minutes, plates usually kept for 1
month
molds - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - grows in multicellular
filaments
- thread-like tubular structures= hyphae
yeast - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - grows/ reproduces as a single
cell through budding
ARM 401 Holistically Assessing Risk 2025 Latest
Exam Test Bank 1 with 214 Questions and Correct
Answers / ARM 401 Exam Prep Qs and As
fungi: eukaryotic - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - have membrane-
bound nucleus and a mitochondria
- aerobic (grows in presence of O2)
- prefers neutral pH (humans)
fungi: saprobes - ...ANSWER...✓✓ organisms that live on
dead/ decaying matter and absorb nutrients from the
environment, i.e mushrooms
primary pathogenic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - can initiate
infection in imunnocompetent host via colonize host-->
evade the host defenses--> survive/ thrive in host-->
multiply/ spread in host
- cause more severe infection in immunocompromised
hosts
- are agents of respiratory infections via breathing them
in
- can be "dimorphic": have saprobic phase (in
environment) and parasitic phase (in host), you breathe in
,2|Page
spores and they change into yeast cells to invade the
immune system
opportunistic pathogenic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ -
generally only cause infections if there's disruptions to
defenses such as a break in skin, disruption of mucous
membranes, or defect in host immune systems
top 3 opportunistic pathogens - ...ANSWER...✓✓ -
Candida spp
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Aspergillus spp
superficial and cutaneous infections - ...ANSWER...✓✓
causes lesions of skin and appendages (ex.
dermatophytes)
cutaneous infections - ...ANSWER...✓✓ causes infection
through the skin (deeper skin)
systemic pathogens - ...ANSWER...✓✓ most virulent,
causes deep, systemic disease in normal and
compromised
,3|Page
opportunistic fungi - ...ANSWER...✓✓ environmental and/
or normal flora that can cause disease in
immunocompromised
innate response - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - macrophages,
neutrophils, dendritic cells, complement fixation
adaptive immune response - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - activated
by innate response
- T helper 1 and T helper 17
cell wall sugar molecules - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - structure
molecules that immune system cells recognize fungal
cells
- includes glucans, mannans, and chitins
PRR - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - pattern recognition receptors
that recognize the fungal molecules
- includes TLR 2, 4 and 9, Dectin 1, and C-type lectin
receptor
- each of these identifies certain fungi
, 4|Page
expected CSF findings (meningitis) from fungal pathogens
- ...ANSWER...✓✓ - glucose: normal to decr
- protein: normal to incr
- color: clear/ hazy
- WBCs/ PMNs: incr/ normal to incr monos and lymph
specimen collections and prep - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - needs
greater volume of specimen than bacteria samples
(source and time of collection)
- may need to concentrate or pre-treat specimen prior to
examination/ plating
- most fungi are slow growers with doubling time in
hours rather than minutes, plates usually kept for 1
month
molds - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - grows in multicellular
filaments
- thread-like tubular structures= hyphae
yeast - ...ANSWER...✓✓ - grows/ reproduces as a single
cell through budding
