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IP, DNS, DHCP & IIS – Networking Fundamentals Class Notes | Complete Technical Summary

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This document provides detailed explanations of core networking concepts, including IP addressing, IPv4 vs IPv6, IP classes, DNS structure and record types, DHCP configuration, and IIS web server functionality. It also covers differences between key protocols, how DNS and DHCP operate within networks, and practical examples such as enabling DHCP and using NSLOOKUP. These class notes offer a clear and structured overview useful for IT support learners and networking foundations courses.

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Institution
University Of The People
Course
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Institution
University Of The People
Course
R3eyhr

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Uploaded on
November 14, 2025
Number of pages
6
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Yh54k,iyik8oo
Contains
All classes

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IP
DNS
DHCP
IIS

IP
An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is a series of numbers that identifies any
device on a network. Computers use IP addresses to communicate with each other both
over the internet as well as on other networks
Internet Protocol Address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a
computer network that uses the internet protocol for communication



The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets
of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination. Data
traversing the Internet is divided into smaller pieces, called packets.
There are four types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and dynamic.

IP v4 VS IP v6




Class Range

, Lowest Highest

A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
There are five classes of subnetworks: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and
Class E. Each class relates to a specific range of IP addresses. Classes A, B, and C
are used the most often by different networks.

Subnet classes are made unique by the number of bits their IP addresses have
dedicated to a network and the number of bits dedicated to hosts. They each have a
default subnet mask. Classes can be identified by the number in the first octet of
their address.

 Class A: First Octet Value 0-126
 Class B: First Octet Value 128-191
 Class C: First Octet Value 192-233
 Class D: First Octet Value 224-239
 Class E: First Octet Value 240-255



DNS -Domain Name system
What DNS means?
Domain Name System
DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates human readable domain names
(for example, www.amazon.com) to machine readable IP addresses (for
example, 192.0. 2.44).

Domain Name System (DNS)
The Domain name systems (DNS) is the phone book of the internet. Humans access information
online through domain names, like bbc.com or Microsoft.com. Web browsers interact through
internet protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain name to IP addresses so browsers can load
internet resources.

DNS record
DNS records (aka zone files) are instructions that live in authoritative DNS
servers and provide information about a domain including what IP address is
associated with that domain and how to handle requests for that domain.
These records consist of a series of text files written in what is known as DNS
syntax.
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