TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Overview of Metabolism
2. ATP: The Cell’s Energy Currency
3. Cellular Respiration
○ Glycolysis
○ Pyruvate Oxidation
○ Krebs Cycle
○ Electron Transport Chain
○ Chemiosmosis
○ Anaerobic Respiration
4. Photosynthesis
○ Chloroplast Structure
○ Light-Dependent Reactions
○ Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
5. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
6. Factors Affecting Metabolic Rate
1. OVERVIEW OF METABOLISM
Metabolism = all chemical reactions inside a living organism.
Two major types:
1. Catabolism
, ● Breaking down molecules → releases energy
● Example: Cellular respiration breaks glucose into CO₂ + H₂O
● Exergonic reaction (energy output)
2. Anabolism
● Building larger molecules from smaller ones
● Example: photosynthesis builds glucose
● Endergonic reaction (energy input)
2. ATP – ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE
CELL
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores and releases energy.
Adenine — Ribose — P—P—P
↑
High-energy bonds
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP→ADP+Pi+Energy
Cells use ATP for:
● Muscle contraction
● Active transport
● DNA/RNA synthesis
● Cell division
1. Overview of Metabolism
2. ATP: The Cell’s Energy Currency
3. Cellular Respiration
○ Glycolysis
○ Pyruvate Oxidation
○ Krebs Cycle
○ Electron Transport Chain
○ Chemiosmosis
○ Anaerobic Respiration
4. Photosynthesis
○ Chloroplast Structure
○ Light-Dependent Reactions
○ Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
5. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
6. Factors Affecting Metabolic Rate
1. OVERVIEW OF METABOLISM
Metabolism = all chemical reactions inside a living organism.
Two major types:
1. Catabolism
, ● Breaking down molecules → releases energy
● Example: Cellular respiration breaks glucose into CO₂ + H₂O
● Exergonic reaction (energy output)
2. Anabolism
● Building larger molecules from smaller ones
● Example: photosynthesis builds glucose
● Endergonic reaction (energy input)
2. ATP – ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE
CELL
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores and releases energy.
Adenine — Ribose — P—P—P
↑
High-energy bonds
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP→ADP+Pi+Energy
Cells use ATP for:
● Muscle contraction
● Active transport
● DNA/RNA synthesis
● Cell division
