NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS
& VALID ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - correct answer ✔✔Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - correct answer ✔✔Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - correct answer ✔✔substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic
chemical compounds; medications are a common example
,Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer ✔✔xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for
the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug
metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer ✔✔responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - correct answer ✔✔Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - correct answer ✔✔-Drug becomes
completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - correct answer ✔✔Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - correct answer ✔✔CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
,CYP450 Inhibitors - correct answer ✔✔Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the
"parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - correct answer ✔✔VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - correct answer ✔✔-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older
adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - correct answer ✔✔when one medication systemically alters the
potency of another medication.
, Absorption Interaction - correct answer ✔✔result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - correct answer ✔✔caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - correct answer ✔✔concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - correct answer ✔✔the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - correct answer ✔✔does not alter or impact absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority - correct answer ✔✔refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice
without physician oversight
prescriptive authority - correct answer ✔✔refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications.
Full-practice scope - correct answer ✔✔Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe
medications, including controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - correct answer ✔✔Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS
& VALID ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - correct answer ✔✔Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - correct answer ✔✔Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - correct answer ✔✔substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic
chemical compounds; medications are a common example
,Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer ✔✔xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for
the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug
metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - correct answer ✔✔responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - correct answer ✔✔Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - correct answer ✔✔-Drug becomes
completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - correct answer ✔✔Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - correct answer ✔✔CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
,CYP450 Inhibitors - correct answer ✔✔Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the
"parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - correct answer ✔✔VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - correct answer ✔✔-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older
adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in
older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - correct answer ✔✔when one medication systemically alters the
potency of another medication.
, Absorption Interaction - correct answer ✔✔result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - correct answer ✔✔caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - correct answer ✔✔concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - correct answer ✔✔the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - correct answer ✔✔does not alter or impact absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority - correct answer ✔✔refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice
without physician oversight
prescriptive authority - correct answer ✔✔refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications.
Full-practice scope - correct answer ✔✔Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe
medications, including controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - correct answer ✔✔Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
