NR 565 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
What labs are used to diagnose thyroid problems? - correct answer ✔✔Free and total T3
Free and total T4
TSH
Anti-TPO
Hypothyroidism labs - correct answer ✔✔increased TSH, decreased T3 &T4
hyperthyroidism labs - correct answer ✔✔decreased TSH and increased T3 &T4
When to recheck labs after starting levothyroxine? - correct answer ✔✔6-8 weeks or after dose
change, then 12 months once stabilized
S/S hypothyroidism - correct answer ✔✔pale, puffy, and expressionless face, cold and dry skin,
brittle hair/hair loss, low heart rate and body temperature, lethargy, fatigue, cold intolerance,
mental status changes, thyroid enlargement
Think "hypo low and slow"
S/S hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔strong and rapid heart rate, dysrhythmias, angina,
nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow and speech, muscle weakness/atrophy, increased
metabolic rate (increased heat production, increased body temperature, heat intolerance),
warm/moist skin, increased appetite, weight loss despite increased caloric intake
think "hyper as in fast"
,result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy - correct answer ✔✔permanent
neuropsychological deficits in the child. First trimester: fetus unable to produce their own
thyroid hormones. Fetal thyroid gland is fully functional in the second trimester.
Medication to treat SYMPTOMS of hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔beta blocker (decrease
HR)
non-radioactive iodine
How to take levothyroxine with food? - correct answer ✔✔take on an empty stomach in the
morning, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Supplement/drug interactions with levothyroxine - correct answer ✔✔antacids, iron, calcium
Confirm diabetes diagnosis prior to treatment - correct answer ✔✔fasting plasma glucose
greater than or equal to 126, A random plasma glucose of greater than or equal to 200 plus
symptoms of diabetes, an oral glucose tolerance test of two hours, plasma glucose of greater
than or equal to 200, or a hemoglobin A1c, a 6.5 or higher (on two occasions)
A1c general goal - correct answer ✔✔<7%
Older adult A1c goal - correct answer ✔✔<8%
When should insulin be considered? - correct answer ✔✔For patients with an A1c >10%, a
fasting blood glucose >300 or are markedly symptomatic
At what interval should A1c be rechecked? - correct answer ✔✔2-4 times a year (every 3
months) until A1c drops to 7% and at least every 6 months there after
, action of insulin - correct answer ✔✔regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes
glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain
and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis
First, it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, and
potassium. Second, insulin promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules. Under the
influence of insulin and other factors, glucose is converted into glycogen, amino acids are
assembled into proteins, and fatty acids are incorporated into triglycerides
Pioglitazone (TZD) contraindications - correct answer ✔✔do not give to patients with heart
failure or history of bladder cancer
GLP-1 - correct answer ✔✔glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
ending in -glutide/tide
ex. semaglutide
TZD - correct answer ✔✔Thiazolidinedione's
end in -ones
ex. glitazones
DPP4-1 - correct answer ✔✔Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors
end in -gliptin
ex. gliptins
SGLT2i - correct answer ✔✔sodium-glucose contransporter 2 inhibitors
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
What labs are used to diagnose thyroid problems? - correct answer ✔✔Free and total T3
Free and total T4
TSH
Anti-TPO
Hypothyroidism labs - correct answer ✔✔increased TSH, decreased T3 &T4
hyperthyroidism labs - correct answer ✔✔decreased TSH and increased T3 &T4
When to recheck labs after starting levothyroxine? - correct answer ✔✔6-8 weeks or after dose
change, then 12 months once stabilized
S/S hypothyroidism - correct answer ✔✔pale, puffy, and expressionless face, cold and dry skin,
brittle hair/hair loss, low heart rate and body temperature, lethargy, fatigue, cold intolerance,
mental status changes, thyroid enlargement
Think "hypo low and slow"
S/S hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔strong and rapid heart rate, dysrhythmias, angina,
nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow and speech, muscle weakness/atrophy, increased
metabolic rate (increased heat production, increased body temperature, heat intolerance),
warm/moist skin, increased appetite, weight loss despite increased caloric intake
think "hyper as in fast"
,result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy - correct answer ✔✔permanent
neuropsychological deficits in the child. First trimester: fetus unable to produce their own
thyroid hormones. Fetal thyroid gland is fully functional in the second trimester.
Medication to treat SYMPTOMS of hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔beta blocker (decrease
HR)
non-radioactive iodine
How to take levothyroxine with food? - correct answer ✔✔take on an empty stomach in the
morning, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Supplement/drug interactions with levothyroxine - correct answer ✔✔antacids, iron, calcium
Confirm diabetes diagnosis prior to treatment - correct answer ✔✔fasting plasma glucose
greater than or equal to 126, A random plasma glucose of greater than or equal to 200 plus
symptoms of diabetes, an oral glucose tolerance test of two hours, plasma glucose of greater
than or equal to 200, or a hemoglobin A1c, a 6.5 or higher (on two occasions)
A1c general goal - correct answer ✔✔<7%
Older adult A1c goal - correct answer ✔✔<8%
When should insulin be considered? - correct answer ✔✔For patients with an A1c >10%, a
fasting blood glucose >300 or are markedly symptomatic
At what interval should A1c be rechecked? - correct answer ✔✔2-4 times a year (every 3
months) until A1c drops to 7% and at least every 6 months there after
, action of insulin - correct answer ✔✔regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes
glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain
and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis
First, it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, and
potassium. Second, insulin promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules. Under the
influence of insulin and other factors, glucose is converted into glycogen, amino acids are
assembled into proteins, and fatty acids are incorporated into triglycerides
Pioglitazone (TZD) contraindications - correct answer ✔✔do not give to patients with heart
failure or history of bladder cancer
GLP-1 - correct answer ✔✔glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
ending in -glutide/tide
ex. semaglutide
TZD - correct answer ✔✔Thiazolidinedione's
end in -ones
ex. glitazones
DPP4-1 - correct answer ✔✔Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors
end in -gliptin
ex. gliptins
SGLT2i - correct answer ✔✔sodium-glucose contransporter 2 inhibitors
