BIO400 Exam 2 Solved Correct

BIO400 Exam 2 Solved Correct define two types of cytokinesis - Answer- 1) animal cell - cleavage furrow 2) plant cell - cell plate formed by vesicle from golgi apparatus Importance of mitosis cell division - Answer- 1) for growth and development 2) serves as reproductive method 3) repair worn out cells 4) creste small number cell into lagrge number cells what happen in meiosis 1 ? - Answer- P - chromosome duplicated, homologous pair during synapsis and crossing over occur M - homologues c align at equator A - homologous c seperate and pulled toward opp poles T - spindle dissapear, nuclei reform What is interkinesis? - Answer- chromosomes still consist of 2 chromatids what happen in Meiosis II - Answer- P - cell have on c from each pair of homologous M - chromosome align at equator A - sister chromatid seperate and become daughter chromosome T - spindle appear, nuclei reform, cytokinesis differentiate between mitosis and meiosis - Answer- 1) number of cells 2) genetic 3) uses define what happen in early prophase - Answer- - centromere divided - chromatin condensed - nuclear enebelope fragmenting define prophase - Answer- nucleolus dissapeared, duplicated chromosome visible, centrosome begin apart, spindle is forming Metaphase - Answer- centromere of duplicated chromosome aligned at equator , kinetochore attach sister chromatid to spindle fibre that come from opposite poles anaphase - Answer- sister chromatids separate and become daughter chromosome and move to opposite poles Telophase - Answer- daughter cell form as nuclear envelope , become chromatin what is traits? - Answer- traits are form of gene that found at particular gene locus Define the Law of Segregation - Answer- ensure that allele from eacg gene are seperated from each other during gamete formation Define the law of independent assortment - Answer- allele of each gene are seperated independently of the other gene what is the component of nucleic acid? - Answer- 1) nitrogenous containg base 2) a phosphate 3) pentose ( 5 carbon sugar ) DNA (purines) - Answer- Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) RNA pyrimidines - Answer- Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U) and Thymine (T) Define Chargaff's Rule - Answer- There is an equal amount of adenine as there is thymine, and an equal amount of cytosine as there is guanine in all cells of an organism what happen in transcription? - Answer- 1) DNA Helix unwound by enzyme helicase 2) Helicase disrupts the hydrogen bond and seperate the 2 strands of DNA 3) DNA Polymerase running across both strands and form new strands 4)DNA Polymerase added bases to the new DNA chain rRNA meaning - Answer- to manufacture ribosomes tRNA meaning - Answer- carry amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis mRNA meaning - Answer- receive genetic code from RNA and carry to cytoplasm who synthesize mRNA, tRNA, rRNA ? - Answer- RNA Polymerase What is transcription? - Answer- sequence of nucleotides DNA copied into sequence nucleotides mRNA What is translation? - Answer- sequence nucleotides mRNA translated into sequence of amino acid Steps of Transcription - Answer- 1) the DNA strand seperate 2) complimentary bases are added to one strand 3) A pair with U and C pair with G 4) new RNA strand seperate from DNA strand steps of protein synthesis - Answer- 1) DNA nuclues serve as template for mRNA 2) mRNA is processed before leaving nuclues 3) mRNA move into cytoplasm and associate with ribosomes 4) tRNA with anticodons carry amino acid to mRNA Level of Classification - Answer- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species state the 3 domain - Answer- 1) eukarya 2) archae 3) bacteria state sll the kingdoms - Answer- 1) protista 2) animalia 3) plantae 4) fungi Define the Linnaean hierachy - Answer- linnaeus classified every organism into hierachy or level of organization what is methanogens - Answer- where they obtain energy in a unique way by producing methane