CWB Level 2 Chapter 5 – Non-
Destructive Examinations (NDE)
Complete Study Guide 2025 REAL
EXAM!!
- An imperfection in the material that may or may not be harmful - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly
describe the term "Flaw"
- A noticeable response to an NDE test that requires interpretation to determine its significance -
ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Indication"
- Any local variation in material continuity including changes in geometry, properties or composition,
holes, cavities, cracks, or structure - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Discontinuity"
- A discontinuity or flaw, whose size, shape, type, location, or orientation creates a substantial chance of
material failure.
- The discontinuity is detrimental to the integrity of the pressure equipment - ANSWER ✔---(NDE)
Briefly describe the term "Defect"
,- A study to determine the cause of an indication (labelling or naming the discontinuity, i.e. cold lap,
fatigue crack) - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Interpretation"
- A judgement made based on code(s), standard(s), or engineering assessment of the significance of an
indication.
- The judgement decides whether the indication is detrimental to the service life of the component
under test. - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Evaluation"
1.) Inherent defects:
- Defects created during the initial production of the material
2.) Processing defects:
- Defects created during the processing/manufacturing of the pressure equipment
3.) Service defects:
- Defects created in the equipment during service - ANSWER ✔---In the pressure equipment
industry, NDE techniques are used for testing material for 3 types of defects, name them.
1.) Cost savings
2.) Service reliability
3.) Safety
4.) Material verification - ANSWER ✔---The benefits of using NDE techniques are numerous and can
be seen in 4 main areas.
1.) Waste is prevented by eliminating faulty raw material which reduces scrap and manpower required
for rework
2.) Repeat business is increased due to customer satisfaction
3.) Manufacturing control can be provided to assist with continuous improvement by monitoring the
process to pinpoint sources of trouble
4.) Servicing costs are reduced by eliminating delivery or faulty products - ANSWER ✔---What are
the 4 benefits of cost savings when using NDE techniques
1.) Faults can be sized for critical engineering assessment
, 2.) Remaining life span of used equipment can be estimated
3.) Faults can be located before failure occurs
4.) Service and operating costs are lower as testing can often be completed on-line
5.) Inspection intervals can be established for max. benefit - ANSWER ✔---What are the 5 benefits of
service reliability when using NDE techniques
- Prevents accidents, damage to property, injuries and loss of life - ANSWER ✔---What is the safety
benefit when using NDE techniques
1.) Differences in chemical properties can be identified
2.) Differences in metallurgical properties can be identified
3.) Material can be identified for sorting
4.) Differences in zones of heat-treating can be identified
5.) Differences in physical properties can be identified - ANSWER ✔---What is the material
verification benefit when using NDE techniques
1.) Voids
2.) Porosity
3.) Slag inclusions
4.) Incomplete penetration
5.) Cupping - ANSWER ✔---Discontinuities that can be detected using radiography testing include:
(5)
1.) Detection
2.) Interpretation
3.) Evaluation - ANSWER ✔---In addition to producing high-quality radiographs, the radiographer
must also be skilled in radiographic interpretation. Interpretation of radiographs takes place in 3 basic
steps which are:
1.) The size and geometry of the component being tested
2.) Typical defect type, size, location, and orientation
Destructive Examinations (NDE)
Complete Study Guide 2025 REAL
EXAM!!
- An imperfection in the material that may or may not be harmful - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly
describe the term "Flaw"
- A noticeable response to an NDE test that requires interpretation to determine its significance -
ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Indication"
- Any local variation in material continuity including changes in geometry, properties or composition,
holes, cavities, cracks, or structure - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Discontinuity"
- A discontinuity or flaw, whose size, shape, type, location, or orientation creates a substantial chance of
material failure.
- The discontinuity is detrimental to the integrity of the pressure equipment - ANSWER ✔---(NDE)
Briefly describe the term "Defect"
,- A study to determine the cause of an indication (labelling or naming the discontinuity, i.e. cold lap,
fatigue crack) - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Interpretation"
- A judgement made based on code(s), standard(s), or engineering assessment of the significance of an
indication.
- The judgement decides whether the indication is detrimental to the service life of the component
under test. - ANSWER ✔---(NDE) Briefly describe the term "Evaluation"
1.) Inherent defects:
- Defects created during the initial production of the material
2.) Processing defects:
- Defects created during the processing/manufacturing of the pressure equipment
3.) Service defects:
- Defects created in the equipment during service - ANSWER ✔---In the pressure equipment
industry, NDE techniques are used for testing material for 3 types of defects, name them.
1.) Cost savings
2.) Service reliability
3.) Safety
4.) Material verification - ANSWER ✔---The benefits of using NDE techniques are numerous and can
be seen in 4 main areas.
1.) Waste is prevented by eliminating faulty raw material which reduces scrap and manpower required
for rework
2.) Repeat business is increased due to customer satisfaction
3.) Manufacturing control can be provided to assist with continuous improvement by monitoring the
process to pinpoint sources of trouble
4.) Servicing costs are reduced by eliminating delivery or faulty products - ANSWER ✔---What are
the 4 benefits of cost savings when using NDE techniques
1.) Faults can be sized for critical engineering assessment
, 2.) Remaining life span of used equipment can be estimated
3.) Faults can be located before failure occurs
4.) Service and operating costs are lower as testing can often be completed on-line
5.) Inspection intervals can be established for max. benefit - ANSWER ✔---What are the 5 benefits of
service reliability when using NDE techniques
- Prevents accidents, damage to property, injuries and loss of life - ANSWER ✔---What is the safety
benefit when using NDE techniques
1.) Differences in chemical properties can be identified
2.) Differences in metallurgical properties can be identified
3.) Material can be identified for sorting
4.) Differences in zones of heat-treating can be identified
5.) Differences in physical properties can be identified - ANSWER ✔---What is the material
verification benefit when using NDE techniques
1.) Voids
2.) Porosity
3.) Slag inclusions
4.) Incomplete penetration
5.) Cupping - ANSWER ✔---Discontinuities that can be detected using radiography testing include:
(5)
1.) Detection
2.) Interpretation
3.) Evaluation - ANSWER ✔---In addition to producing high-quality radiographs, the radiographer
must also be skilled in radiographic interpretation. Interpretation of radiographs takes place in 3 basic
steps which are:
1.) The size and geometry of the component being tested
2.) Typical defect type, size, location, and orientation
