NSG 6001 WEEK 5 FINAL COMPLETE EXAM 2025

NSG 6001 WEEK 5 FINAL COMPLETE EXAM 2025 Gail, a 35-year-old female patient, is seen in the clinic in the morning. She complains of abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, colicky abdominal cramps, and profuse watery diarrhea that began last night. Her vitals are BP: 110/70, HR: 110, temperature: 99°F, RR: 12. She recently came back from a vacation in Switzerland, ate leftovers for dinner last night, and had a cold 2 weeks ago. Which of the following is the most probable cause of her condition? - ANSWER-Staphylococcus Cameron, 38 years old, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 189 pounds. He reports that he has had intermittent heartburn for several months and takes antacids with temporary relief. He has been waking during the night with a burning sensation in his chest. Which additional information would lead you to believe that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause of his pain? - ANSWER-He wakes at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth. Hannah is a patient that just had an appendectomy after a diagnosis of appendicitis and had no complications. Which of the following patient education points is correct? - ANSWER-Your diet will be advanced when bowel sounds return." Which of the following patients should be referred to a hepatologist? - ANSWER-Patient with persistent elevation of HBsAg A 29-year-old is seen in the office with complaints of pain in his chest and belly. He quit smoking 6 months ago. He has been suffering the pain for 2 weeks and gets temporary relief from Alka-Seltzer® and Pepto-Bismol®. The burning pain wakes him at night and radiates up to his chest. Which factor favors a diagnosis of gastric ulcer? - ANSWER His use of Alka-Seltzer Which of the following causes of gastrointestinal bleeding is found in the lower gastrointestinal tract? - ANSWER-Meckel's diverticulum A 21-year-old student presents with complaints of fatigue, headache, anorexia, and a runny nose, all of which began about 2 weeks ago. She started taking vitamins and over-the-counter cold preparations but feels worse. The smell of food makes her nauseated. Her boyfriend had mononucleosis about 1 month ago, and she wonders if she might have it also. Examination reveals cervical adenopathy and an enlarged liver and spleen. Which of the following labs would be most helpful in the differential diagnosis at this point? - ANSWER-Antihepatitis D virus NCG 6001 NCG 6001 A patient presents with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Which lab chemistry test should the clinician order? - ANSWER-Heterophile antibody test A patient is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant pain that is radiating to the middle of the back. The NP suspects acute cholelithiasis. The NP should expect which of the following laboratory findings? - ANSWER-Elevated alkaline phosphatase Which of the following are included in Ranson's criteria for assessing the severity of pancreatitis at the time of diagnosis? - ANSWER-Base deficit greater than 4 mEq/L Donna is a 36-year-old African American woman with chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following are necessary to manage her condition? - ANSWER-A low-fat diet of less than 50 g of fat per day Which of the following diagnostic tests is ordered for a cecal volvulus bowel obstruction? - ANSWER-Barium enema Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for the patient with IBS? - ANSWER High-fiber diet Leslie is a 35-year-old Caucasian woman who presents with weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue. Her history is significant for inflammatory bowel disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and cigarette smoking. Which of the following pieces of her history leads the clinician to believe she has primary sclerosing cholangitis? - ANSWER-Inflammatory bowel disease Carl has been diagnosed with Wilson's disease. Which of the following should be included in his dietary education? - ANSWER-Limit shrimp intake. Ron has cirrhosis and now presents with altered mental status after increasing protein intake because he was trying to increase muscle mass. Which of the following diseases should the clinician be concerned about? - ANSWER-Hepatic encephalopathy The clinician is speaking with Bernadette, who has recently been diagnosed with urinary incontinence. She has had this condition for a number of years, she is 5 feet 5 inches, and she weighs 140 pounds. Which of the following should the health-care provider be aware of? - ANSWER-Bernadette may be suffering from depression and may need a psychiatric consult. Which of the following patients is most likely to have urge incontinence? - ANSWER Devon, a 40-year-old male with a history of multiple sclerosis A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI? - ANSWER-Blood in urine and frequency NCG 6001 NCG 6001 A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of clean catch urine shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites. What is the probable diagnosis? - ANSWER-Lower urinary-tract infection A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills, and dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above information? - ANSWER-Pyelonephritis Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis? - ANSWER-Prego A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe dysuria. She is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this patient be managed? - ANSWER-Hospitalization Which of the following Macrobid doses is appropriate to treat a lower UTI? - ANSWER 100 mg bid 5 days A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain and hematuria. The clinician should assess this patient for which risk factor for poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? - ANSWER-Hypertension A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol LA, the provider should question the patient about which of these contraindications to this medication? - ANSWER-Closed angle glaucoma A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions should be given to this woman? - ANSWER-"Eliminate caffeine from your diet." Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results showa falling viral load. What does this indicate? - ANSWER-A favorable prognostic trend A patient with atrial fibrillation is taking warfarin (Coumadin) and has an international normalized ratio (INR) of 4.0 with no active bleeding. How should the clinician manage this patient? - ANSWER-Withhold 1 or more days of anticoagulant therapy. The patient with severe iron deficiency anemia is eating ice chips. Which term should the clinician use to document this finding? - ANSWER-PICA As a rule of thumb, the estimated level of hematocrit is how many times the value of the hemoglobin? - ANSWER-3 Which medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus would be contraindicated during pregnancy? - ANSWER-Glipizide (Glucotrol) NCG 6001 NCG 6001 A 35-year-old woman presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is no history of diabetes mellitus. Which condition should be included in the differential diagnosis? - ANSWER-Pheochromocytoma Which action would the clinician take to elicit Chvostek's sign? - ANSWER-Tap the facial nerve below the zygomatic arch anterior to the earlobe. Cydney presents with a history of asthma. She has not been treated for a while. She complains of daily but not continual symptoms, greater than 1 week and at nighttime. She has been using her rescue inhaler. Her FEV1 is 60% to 80% predicted. How would you classify her asthma severity? - ANSWER-Moderate persistent African American patients seem to have a negative reaction to which of the following asthma medications? - ANSWER-Long-term beta-agonist bronchodilators Joyce is taking a long-acting beta agonist for her asthma. What additional medication should she be taking? - ANSWER-Inhaled corticosteroid Your patient is on theophylline for his asthma. You want to maintain his serum levels between: - ANSWER-5 to 15 mcg/mL George has COPD and an 80% forced expiratory volume in 1 second. How would you classify the severity of his COPD? - ANSWER-Stage 1 mild COPD Most nosocomial pneumonias are caused by: - ANSWER-Gram-negative bacteria Nathan, a 32-year-old policeman, has a 15-pack-a-year history of smoking and continues to smoke heavily. During every visit, he gets irate when you try to talk to him about quitting. What should you do? - ANSWER-Continue to ask him at every visit if he is ready to quit. You are using the CURB-65 clinical prediction tool to decide whether Latisha, whom you have diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), should be hospitalized or treated at home. Which of the following risk factors would increase Latisha's chance of CAP-associated mortality and complications? - ANSWER-History of diabetes mellitus Sam, age 78, presents to the clinic with respiratory symptoms. His pulmonary function tests are as follows: a normal total lung capacity, a decreased PaO2, and an increased PaCO2. On assessment, you auscultate coarse crackles and forcedexpiratory wheezes. What is your diagnosis? - ANSWER-Chronic bronchitis Why do you suspect that your patient may have a decreased response to the tuberculin skin test (TST)? - ANSWER-She has been on a long-term corticosteroid therapy. NCG 6001 NCG 6001 Which of the following patients would you expect to have a decreased response to TST? - ANSWER-sandy, a 40-year-old patient who recently survived a fire that left 40% of her total body surface covered in burns Fredericka is a 40-year-old Hispanic female with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and HIV. She has a tuberculosis (TB) skin test. What is the smallest diameter of induration that would indicate a positive result? - ANSWER-5 mm Which of these patients should be given a decongestant? - ANSWER-Dan, a 60-year old male with allergic rhinitis Which of the following herbal supplements should be used cautiously in a patient with hypertension? - ANSWER-Licorice What is true regarding the treatment of cilostazol? - ANSWER-It causes platelet aggregation. Which of the following complementary therapies may be helpful if a patient has orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER-Hawthorn You are assessing Sigred for metabolic syndrome. Which of her parameters is indicative of this syndrome? - ANSWER-Her waist is 36 inches. The patient has metabolic syndrome. The patient is at increased risk for which condition? - ANSWER-DM Which of the following medications can cause hyperlipidemia? - ANSWER-High dose diuretics Which type of angina do you suspect in Harvey, who complains of chest pain that occurs during sleep and most often in the early morning hours? - ANSWER-Variant (Prinzmetal's angina) What does digitalis compete with at binding sites on the cell membrane? - ANSWER Potassium What of the following patients is a candidate for statins? - ANSWER-Christa is a 65 year-old female with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following is a chest wall syndrome? - ANSWER-Costochondritis In which patient do premature ventricular contractions NOT need to be treated? - ANSWER-Kelly, a 25- year-old female with an allergy to bee stings Which of the following may help a clinician to determine whether palpitations are caused by a potentially lethal cardiac rhythm? - ANSWER-Holter monitoring NCG 6001 NCG 6001 Claire is a patient complaining that her left leg is cool, pale, smaller than her right, and has thick toenails. Which condition may she be experiencing? - ANSWER-PAD With regards to the relationship between diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, which of the following is TRUE? T - ANSWER-The longer the patient has had diabetes, the more likelihood that they will develop retinopathy As diabetic retinopathy progresses, the presence of "cotton wool" spots can be detected. "Cotton wool" spots refer to: - ANSWER-Microvascular infarctions Marie has diabetes mellitus with proliferative retinopathy. How often should she see her ophthalmologist? - ANSWER-Every 3 to 4 months Which is appropriate patient education to provide regarding bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWER-The patient should make sure to practice proper hand washing. Jeffrey has atopic dermatitis. You are prescribing a low-dose topical corticosteroid for him. Which would be a good choice? - ANSWER-Hydrocortisone base 2.5% Which of the following is an infraorbital fold skin manifestation in a patient with atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER-Dennie's sign The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? - ANSWER-Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: - ANSWER-6 months Lisa is a 25-year-old Hispanic female experiencing chest tightness, a feeling of suffocation, and feels like she "can't get air in." She has no current history of heart or lung disease and did not exercise leading up to this attack. Which of the following isthe most likely cause for this dyspnea? - ANSWER-Anxiety-related dyspnea A patient presents to the clinician after experiencing four episodes in the last month of sweating, palpitations, chest pain, nausea, and shaking. Each episode lasted about 10 minutes. The patient is now becoming very fearful of future events and has been reluctant to leave the house. The clinician suspects panic disorder but wants to rule out any possible medical causes. Which of the following medical conditions can mimic the symptoms of a panic attack? - ANSWER-All of the above Which of the following is considered first-line treatment for panic disorders? - ANSWER Cognitive behavioral therapy NCG 6001 NCG 6001 Which of the following symptoms is NOT part of the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? - ANSWER-Hypersomnolence It is important for the clinician to discuss the longterm effects of sexual assault with survivors. Which of the following is the most common longterm effect of sexua